"Two Prayers" (Twenty-third Sunday after Pentecost)

Luke 18:9-14

9 He also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and regarded others with contempt: 10 "Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. 11 The Pharisee, standing by himself, was praying thus, "God, I thank you that I am not like other people: thieves, rogues, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. 12 I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all my income.' 13 But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even look up to heaven, but was beating his breast and saying, "God, be merciful to me, a sinner!' 14 I tell you, this man went down to his home justified rather than the other; for all who exalt themselves will be humbled, but all who humble themselves will be exalted."

            "Two men went up to the temple to pray...” Isn’t that a lovely thing? Two men, entering into the sacred space understood and reserved as the “house of God,” and they’ve come to pray, to commune with the Almighty, to spend time in the focused presence of God. That’s a pretty good introduction to a parable if ever there was one. Jesus wants to teach his disciples then (and now) about the dangers of trusting in oneself to be righteous while looking down your nose at others in contempt.  What a better way to teach about such things than through a parable of exemplary prayer? "Two men went up to the temple to pray...”  It doesn’t take long, however, before the wheels on the parable start to wobble a bit.

            Jesus says, "Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector.” Aha! So it isn’t just two ordinary men, two average, run-of-the-mill fellas kneeling in silent prayer in a candle-lit corner of the temple—it’s a Pharisee and a tax collector. Well, I suppose that may be another way to teach about the dangers of self-righteousness and the judging of others. After all, we know about Pharisees don’t we? Just the word itself conjures up all sorts of Sunday school lessons and images of ancient, uptight religious folks in the dark-colored robes, with scowls scratched across their bearded faces. Our minds quickly turn to images of those who go everywhere with their Bible tucked under their arms and their “Jesus fish” on the tailgate, yet act like angry children in private and behave as if they’ve never even read the Scriptures. Whenever we hear the word “Pharisee” we already have a pretty good picture in our mind of where Jesus is going with this story: this Pharisee is going to turn out to be a hypocrite, one who wears a public persona of piety, while privately parading his depravity. That’s how we know Pharisees. But before we rubber-stamp him like the rest of his kind in our created, Christian tradition, let’s hear him out; let’s at least listen to the prayer Jesus says this Pharisee prays in the temple.

            Jesus says in: “The Pharisee, standing by himself, was praying thus…” Isn’t that a bit interesting? Jesus says the Pharisee was standing by himself (or perhaps “to himself”). This Pharisee isn’t standing on the street corner, on a soapbox, megaphone in hand, waving his signs of judgement at the passersby, no. He hasn’t tweeted out to all of his followers that he’s “Heading to the temple for some quality God time “#blessed #prayedup #Phariseeyouatthetemple.”  No, there’s nothing of the sort; this Pharisee seems to be keeping quietly to himself in prayer, perhaps even modeling a bit of what Jesus teaches in Matthew’s gospel in the Sermon on the Mount, when he said in Matthew 6:6, “But whenever you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.” This Pharisee is praying to himself. Isn’t it interesting the sort of things we’ll pray to ourselves, especially those things we wouldn’t dare pray out loud, with others around?

            When others aren’t around to hear our prayers, when we think we’ve got the ear of God all to ourselves, isn’t it something the things we’ll pray for? “Lord, if it be thy will, I hope Suzy gets transferred next month; I’m tired of having to put up with her at work…God, I’m thankful for all the things you give me, but if you’d let my team make this field goal and go on to the playoffs…Jesus, I wish you’d kill the neighbors’ dog; I’m tired of that thing barking all night and digging up my yard…” Isn’t it something the things we’ll pray when no one’s listening, when we think we’re praying all to ourselves?

            I’d like to say this Pharisee prayed some pretty egregious prayers while he prayed alone in the temple, but to be fair, his prayer isn’t all that terrible: “God, I thank you that I am not like other people: thieves, rogues, adulterers, or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all my income.” Sure, he could have worded it a bit better, but it’s a fine prayer. After all, what’s wrong with being thankful for who you are and what you’ve been given? Sure, it sounds a bit harsh to pray, “God, I thank you that I am not like other people…” but it wasn’t like he was talking about his good neighbors across the street or those other Pharisees in his Torah study class or those other, good, tithing, fasting, God-fearing folks who gathered together to read the Scriptures and pray together. No, he was thankful he didn’t turn out to be a thief—who can fault him for that? How many of you parents have ever thanked God that your kids turned out halfway decent—not strung out, running around, broke, or locked up? That’s not a bad thing to thank God for, is it? This Pharisee is thankful that he didn’t wind up on the wrong side of the law, that God saw him through life to be a good, clean person. He’s thankful he’s not a “rogue,” an unjust, unrighteous person in opposition to that which is good and right in the world. Again, that’s not a bad thing, is it? He’s even thankful that he’s not an adulterer—an awful, hurtful sinner who has ruined his family and the lives of those in it.

We may want to find fault with his wording that he’s “not…even like this tax collector,” but the truth is such a sentiment would have likely received more than one “Amen!” from those listening to Jesus’ parable. You see, tax collectors were despised (more so than they would be today if such a profession existed); they were seen as collaborators with the oppressor, Rome; they took advantage of those from whom they collected taxes, often taking far more than the law required in order to keep the balance for themselves, and Jewish tax collectors (those who themselves were Jews hired by the Romans to collect taxes) were seen as especially egregious in their betrayal of their own people, so when he prays, “God, I thank you that I am not…even like this tax collector,” it may have been a bit rude to say so, but most folks would have thought nothing about it. They would have simply nodded their heads in agreement; it’s a good thing not to be like that tax collector, wretched traitor he is!

After offering his thanks to God, the Pharisee winds up his prayer with a little bit of a…let’s call it a “check in” with God: “I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all my income.” This Pharisee has his ducks in a row! He’s not just fasting once a week, or on the prescribed fast day, no, he’s fasting twice a week (he’s clearly not a Baptist then!). He’s one of those folks who doesn’t just come to worship on Sunday mornings: he comes to Sunday school, Wednesday night prayer meeting, Tuesday Bible Study, Thursday visitation, and every day of Vacation Bible School! And, on top of his stellar fasting schedule, he’s a regular tither. I suppose we have to take the Pharisee at his word (after all, he is just a character in Jesus’ parable), but it has generally been my experience that whenever someone talks about how much they do, give, or attend, they tend to be lying through their teeth in order to cover up some other insecurity.

But if we take the Pharisee at his word, he’s a standout man of faith: he’s at prayer in the temple, to himself, without making a show of it, and he’s thankful to God as he recognizes that God hasn’t let him fall into a life of “ill-repute,” while also blessing him enough to faithfully fast and consistently tithe. Isn’t that great? So why does the tax collector go “down to his home justified rather than the [Pharisee]?” How is it that the Pharisee has “exalted himself” if he’s just thanking God for what God has done for him? What is it about the tax collector’s prayer that’s so much better than the prayer of the Pharisee?

Jesus tells us, “But the tax collector, standing far off, would not even look up to heaven, but was beating his breast and saying, ‘God, be merciful to me, a sinner!'” This tax collector hardly finds himself worthy to be in the same place of the temple as the Pharisee; he’s “standing far off.” Perhaps he knew the weight of his betrayal, the soul-crushing costs of swindling folks out of their money in order to line his own pockets. Maybe he knew his righteousness could never even come close to that of one like this Pharisee—I suspect that tax collector didn’t even fast once a week and the few ties he did show up for service he let the plate pass right by him! Perhaps he recognizes his lowliness, brought on by his terrible vocational choices. He beats his chest (a sign of extreme mourning and repentance) and cries out to God: “be merciful to me, a sinner!” It’s a simple prayer, a prayer of confession, a pleading for mercy in the light of one’s realization that one has strayed from God. It’s the prayer we will all make at some point in our lives, a prayer we will all say (hopefully) more than once. It’s the prayer that grounds us, reminds us that we cannot do or be anything on our own, and it is the prayer that reminds us that we are truly in need of God’s mercy and grace because no matter how hard we may try on our own, no matter how many schemes we may devise or lies we may tell ourselves, each and every one of us will fall short of God’s perfect love, and we will over and over again. Such a prayer calls us back to the realization that while we may always fall short, God’s mercy is sufficient to fill us with God’s love all the more.

The Pharisee prays and thanks God for the ways God has provided for him, kept him free from a life of treachery and debauchery, and the tax collector prays for mercy, yet Jesus says only the tax collector returns home justified. Why?

Why?

Two men went up to the airport to catch a flight. They were heading south of the equator to a remote village somewhere in the jungles of South America. They were from the same church and both skilled in medical missions. They spent seven days serving the peoples of that little village before catching a flight back home. When they returned, their church had asked if they’d share their experiences one Sunday morning in worship. They put together a presentation, and the two of them stood before the congregation one Sunday morning.

The first man talked of how difficult the trip was, how they landed in a small airport, then loaded into trucks to ride for hours on rough roads only to have to mount up on donkeys to make the last two hours of the trip into the village. He spoke about the children of the village, how none of them had shoes, most of them were malnourished, and how they didn’t go to school because the closest one was miles away. He showed pictures of the little huts they all lived in, with the dirt floors and the thatched rooves, with the scorched spot in the corner where they burned a fire to cook whatever that could call food. He showed pictures of the people they saw in their temporary, makeshift clinic, pictures of infections and long-untreated diseases. He showed image after image of horrible conditions and heart-breaking poverty, and when he concluded his portion of the presentation, he looked out at the congregation and said, “If I learned anything on this trip, I learned just how blessed we are—how blessed I am. We have clean, running water, shoes on our feet, and plenty of food to eat. We ought to be thankful for all that God has given us.” Tear-streaked faces nearly shouted, “Amen!” Then the second man spoke.

He showed a few of the same pictures, told some of the same stories, and before he was through, he looked out at the congregation and said, “If I learned anything on this trip, I learned that I ought to be ashamed and that I am in need of repentance, because I have so much—enough to even waste—while so many don’t even have enough. We ought to be doing something with all that God has given us.” Not a single “Amen.”

Two prayers. Two lessons. A Pharisee and a tax collector. Thankfulness and repentance. I wonder what God wants from us more: thankfulness or repentance? Hmmm…

"Knowing the Name" (Nineteenth Sunday after Pentecost)

Luke 16:19-31

19 "There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. 20 And at his gate lay a poor man named Lazarus, covered with sores, 21 who longed to satisfy his hunger with what fell from the rich man's table; even the dogs would come and lick his sores. 22 The poor man died and was carried away by the angels to be with Abraham. The rich man also died and was buried. 23 In Hades, where he was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side. 24 He called out, "Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in agony in these flames.' 25 But Abraham said, "Child, remember that during your lifetime you received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner evil things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in agony. 26 Besides all this, between you and us a great chasm has been fixed, so that those who might want to pass from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us.' 27 He said, "Then, father, I beg you to send him to my father's house— 28 for I have five brothers—that he may warn them, so that they will not also come into this place of torment.' 29 Abraham replied, "They have Moses and the prophets; they should listen to them.' 30 He said, "No, father Abraham; but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent.' 31 He said to him, "If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.' "

            His name is John. I met him about seven years ago. I was in my office when the phone rang; the caller ID showed a familiar area code, though I didn’t recognize the other seven digits. Turned out, it was a friend of mine from back home, a friend whose family I had known for years. She told me that she, her mom, and her aunt were all in town, just down the road, at the hospital. You see, her uncle (the brother of her mother and aunt) was there, and it didn’t look good for him, so she was wondering if I might come down and sit with them, pray with them. Of course I said yes, and I got in my car and headed towards the hospital.

            She had told me the room number, so when I got to the hospital, I got on the elevator and headed to the correct floor, where I found the room—all the way at the end of the hall, in the corner, by the service elevators (I didn’t know they actually put patients down there). I came into the room, and there was my friend, her mother, her aunt, and lying on the bed, her uncle: they told me, “His name is John.” John looked awful, as if he had lived three lifetimes in the same skin. He was cold, but he had no blankets with which he could be covered. I asked them why he had no blankets and they told me. You see, John was homeless, lived out of his car. He was an alcoholic—most likely the biggest reason for his homelessness, and he was ostracized from most of his family because he was homosexual. Late one night/early one morning, John was passed out in his car when someone thought it’d be a good idea to steal it. After breaking into the car and finding John nearly unconscious, the thief drove the car to the entrance of the hospital where he kicked John out the door, leaving him in the driveway, just in front of the door to the ER. Finding some identification on him with an emergency contact number, the hospital notified his sisters that he was being kept under care until they could come get him.

            It turns out John had a severe case of pneumonia, and after just a few hours of sitting with the family in the room with John, one of the monitors began to beep, and two young women in scrubs came through the door. One of them checked the machine, flipped the switch on the back, while the other began removing the tubes from his nose and the wires from his hands and chest. “Patient died at 3:45 P.M.,” they said. To which his sister replied, “His name is John.”

            His name is John…it’s important to give someone a name. Without a name, a person can be anybody or nobody. Without a name, a person can be reduced to a number, a face lost in a crowd, an unknown placeholder in a story meant to challenge us—a story like the one before us in which we are told about an unnamed rich man.

            He could be anybody, anybody with the means to be wealthy—very wealthy. In this parable, Jesus describes this rich man as one “who was dressed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day.” Purple was an expensive dye, reserved for royalty and the very rich, and it was mostly reserved for special, public occasions. It spoke a great deal about the amount of this man’s wealth that he dressed in such splendor every day. The linen he wore was also expensive, special even, as the word used here is the same word used in the Greek translation of the Old Testament to speak of the fabric used for the priestly garb and the material of the tabernacle.[1] This man isn’t just wearing his nice business suit to sit down to breakfast, no—he’s wearing his “Sunday best,” and it’s freshly cleaned, starched, and pressed, not a missing cufflink, or an unpolished shoe! Sure, we don’t know his name, but he wore nice clothes and he ate whatever he wanted, whenever he wanted, and he was never hungry, for he feasted sumptuously every day! We don’t know his name, but I have to tell you, I think I know enough about him to tell you I don’t like him! I certainly don’t like him when I read about the other man in this story, the man whose name we do have.

            Jesus tells us in verses 20 and 21 of our text this morning: “a poor man lay at his gate named Lazarus, covered with sores, who longed to satisfy his hunger with what fell from the rich man's table; even the dogs would come and lick his sores.” Lazarus: he’s a pitiful site: just lying there at the gate, coughing, wheezing, covered with raw, oozing wounds, so weak he can’t even shoo the feral dogs away as they are drawn by the smell of unwashed filth and decaying, diseased flesh. I sort of imagine him curled up in a ball, trying to keep warm, trying to keep the pain that likely wracked his body from spiraling out of control. Or maybe he was sprawled out on the dirt, hoping to make himself a larger target for the tender-hearted who may have happened by—I don’t know. But what I do know is that Jesus told us his name, Lazarus, which is the Greek translation of Eliezer, which means “God helps.”[2]

            Now, what happens next in this story shouldn’t shock us too much: “The poor man died.” It seems like an obvious outcome after all; to be so ill-afflicted, to be so unsanitary as to have dogs lick your open wounds, to have so little to eat that you long for crumbs from someone else’s table—of course he would die. It’s not pretty; it’s not preferable; it’s just how it is! After all, you can’t save everybody; you can’t go around picking folks up off the streets—who knows where they’ve been?! Who knows what they’ve been doing?! Those sores may be contagious, may be a sign of drug abuse, they may be the self-inflicted wounds of one who has lost his mind! You can’t just go around picking those kinds of folks up off the streets! He could have been dangerous, could have had a gun on him, could have hurt someone. Listen, I’m sorry he died, but that’s just how it is, you see, nothing I can do about it, just the world we live in.

            It shouldn’t shock us too much that the poor man, Lazarus, died.

            But then, then, we’re told “The rich man also died and was buried.” Now, I’m a bit surprised by that, really. The rich man died? But how? He had it made! He had all the clothes he’d ever need to keep warm, a nice, big house with a fence all the way around and a gate at the end of the driveway. Surely he had the best health care, the best doctors, a membership at the finest health club in town. We know he definitely had enough to eat, for he ate sumptuously every day—maybe that’s what it was. Maybe he was sitting down at the table, had just tucked his silk tied in his pressed shirt to keep the chocolate sauce on his cheesecake from staining it, when all of the sudden, his chest began to feel tight, a pain began to shoot down his left arm as the room began the spin and he fell face first into the china holding what was left of his steak and lobster. I don’t know. Maybe it was the stress of managing such wealth, of having to give an accounting for every receipt and expense, of having to pay employees and vendors, of having to decide what investments would yield a greater dividend and a more secure future—I don’t know, but I am a bit surprised. Aren’t we all surprised when we hear the news of some wealthy socialite who’s found lying on the floor of a friend’s apartment, the needle still in her arm? Aren’t we all shocked when we hear the news of a well-loved celebrity whose taken his own life? I’m a bit surprised that when the poor man died, “the rich man also died and was buried.”

            What really catches my attention this morning, though, is what happens after these two die. We’re told the rich man is in torment in Hades (the abode of the dead) while Lazarus is in the bosom of Abraham. It’s while he is in such torment in Hades, that the rich man calls out to Abraham, "Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in agony in these flames.” Did you catch that? Did you notice what he said? No, I’m not talking about his agony or the extent to which even a drop of water from one’s finger would sooth such torment (perhaps that’s a sermon for a different day or a different preacher). No, what I’m wondering is did you notice that the rich man says, “send Lazarus”? He knows his name! Lazarus, his name, he knows his name. Now, how do you think he knows his name?

            Maybe one morning, before the servants could set the table for breakfast, before he changed out of his flannel pajamas and into his purple linen suit, this rich man sat on his porch in the cool of the morning, cup of coffee in hand, and as he took in a deep breath of that sweet morning air, he caught the faint scent of something foul, something rotting. Upon hearing the whimpering and nipping of some dogs, he figured some teenager had run over a possum on the way to school in front of his gate, so he grabbed a shovel from his three-car garage, strolled down his paved driveway, opened the automatic gate, where he saw the pile of what once was a person. He poked him with the flat end of the shovel, and hollered, “Get out of here you bum before I call the cops! What’s your name? I’m heading back up to the house now to call them, so you had better not be here when they get here. What’s your name? Tell me!” And from the cracked, bleeding lips, he heard the hushed voice, “Lazarus.” Maybe.

            Perhaps Lazarus was one of those folks that everyone in town knows, the neighborhood nuisance, the person everybody knows about but no one really knows. We had a few folks like that where I grew up, folks who just walked up and down the streets. You’d see them in town where they’d walk up to folks stopped at a red light. People would say, “Oh, that’s just old Crazy Rickie. Don’t give him anything. Don’t pay him any mind. That’s just old Crazy Rickie.” Maybe the rich man knew Lazarus’ name because everyone in town did: “Oh, that’s just that old bum, Lazarus. He likes to lay out in front of folks’ houses, by the gate, under the mailbox, on the curb. Don’t pay him any attention and he’ll head on down the road after a day or two.” Maybe. I don’t know.

            There was a man at my high school (I think his name was Stuart) who used to walk around the parking lots picking up trash. He always wore long pants and a long sleeve shirt buttoned all the way to the neck. He had thick glasses and wore a canvas sack over his shoulder to collect the trash he picked up with this dangerous looking spear that looked like it was made from an old broom handle and tent spike taped to one end. None of us knew where he lived, what was wrong with him, or why he was always at the school picking up trash (something I’m sure he’d be arrested for today), but he had been doing it long enough that kids who had never seen the show M.A.S.H. called him “Radar” (he looked like the character from that show). Well, over the years the nickname sort of stuck, so kids just called him Radar, even without knowing him or having ever said a word to him. Everyone knew him as Radar, but no one really knew Radar.

Maybe that’s how the rich man knew Lazarus’ name. Folks had gotten so used to seeing the poor man around town that they started saying things like, “God help him,” so the name Lazarus (which remember means “God helps”) stuck. Maybe everyone in the community called him Lazarus without ever having said a word to him, without ever so much as asking him his name. Maybe the rich man didn’t really know Lazarus, but he knew his name, and knowing his name means he cannot claim ignorance to Lazarus’ condition. It means he can’t say “I didn’t know,” though I am sure he’d like to.

You know, I wonder if that’s why they don’t show the names on the news anymore. You remember when they would show the names, don’t you? It wasn’t that long ago. I can remember, at the begging of the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan, on the ten o’clock news they’d scroll the names of those soldiers—those men and women, sons and daughters—who had died in the latest combat effort. Maybe they didn’t do that up here, but I remember they did it on the local stations where I grew up. I remember they’d show the names and pictures of those who had died that day, those who were from our area or state, but then something happened. They stopped showing the names. They just started reporting the numbers, and after a while, they’d just give an update about what was going on. You know what I think? I think they stopped showing the names because it made us feel too accountable, too responsible for what was going on. Take away the names and it’s just a war in some far off country, but leave the names and it’s something else entirely.

The rich man knew his name. If he hadn’t known his name, he could have pleaded his case with Abraham: “Father Abraham, had I known he was at my gate I would have helped. Had I known who he was I would have invited him into my home. Had I known his name I would have given him some food to eat, some water to drink. Father Abraham, if I had known his name, I could have gotten him to a doctor, had his sores checked out, placed him in a rehabilitation program, gotten him fixed right. If I had known his name…” I suppose he could have made that argument—if he hadn’t known his name.

To know someone’s name, it makes a difference. When we don’t know the name, we can just sort of groups folks together, paint with broad strokes, slap labels on large gatherings of folks for easier identification. If you don’t know someone’s name it’s easier to call them by another name, to call them by whatever name you’ve been given to call them by your context or by whatever name you’ve chosen based upon your own presuppositions and prejudices. Without a name, it’s easy to call someone “white trash.” Without a name, it’s easy to lump folks into a group and call them “thugs.” If you don’t know the name, it’s easy to call someone “enemy.” Without a name, it’s easier to call people “monkey, queer, redneck, moron, snob, illegal, chink, cracker, loose.” Without a name, it’s easier to group people together and label them as something to be feared, something to be fought against, something entirely other. When you don’t know their names it’s easier to think of people as less than human, like an animal or a bowl of skittles.

But when you know their names, when you call them brother, sisters, son, daughter, cousin, mother, father, friend—when you know their names, it isn’t so easy. When you know the name, you can’t say, “I didn’t know.” You can’t say, “If I had known, I would have done something different.” When you know the name, then you have to face the reality that that person is another human being, another living, breathing, thinking human, made in the image of God JUST LIKE YOU! When we know someone’s name it forces us to be accountable.

When I saw the picture of the five-year-old Syrian boy in the back of the ambulance in Aleppo, my heart broke. But when I read his name—Omran Daqneesh—I wept. He could have been my son, your son, your grandson. When I see the videos of men being shot by police officers and officers being shot by other men, I shake my head. But when I hear their names, when I see the mothers of those men, the wives of those officers, I can’t help but wonder how we can come together to put an end to all of this. When I hear the statistics, read the reports, listen to the lectures, about payday lending, unjust tax structures, oppressive social orders, I am frustrated, but when I know those personally affected, when I have listened to their stories and witnessed their lives with my own eyes, I am provoked and convicted. When I know the names, it isn’t just some story scrolling by on my newsfeed. When I know the names, they aren’t just issues with which to be dealt. When I know the names, I realize I am in the same boat bound for the same shore of death as everyone else (for death gets us all regardless of where we come from or what we have). When I know the name of my sister or brother I am called to love them, and I am (at least somewhat) accountable for their fate.

But here’s the truth: I am still accountable even though I may not know their names, because I am known by the One who loves me despite my name, and he calls me and you to show the same love to everyone else, even if we don’t know their names. Amen.

---

[1] Amy-Jill Levine, Short Stories by Jesus. (New York: Harper One, 2014), p.251-2.

[2] R. Alan Culpepper, “Luke.” In vol. IX, The New Interpreter’s Bible: A Commentary in Twelve      Volumes, edited by Leander E. Keck, et. Al. (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1995), p. 316.

"Lists" (Fifteenth Sunday after Pentecost)

There's no manuscript for this sermon, but you can view the video below (you can find videos of most of these sermons here).

"Any Day But Today" (Fourteenth Sunday after Pentecost)

Luke 13:10-17

10 Now he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath. 11 And just then there appeared a woman with a spirit that had crippled her for eighteen years. She was bent over and was quite unable to stand up straight. 12 When Jesus saw her, he called her over and said, "Woman, you are set free from your ailment." 13 When he laid his hands on her, immediately she stood up straight and began praising God. 14 But the leader of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had cured on the sabbath, kept saying to the crowd, "There are six days on which work ought to be done; come on those days and be cured, and not on the sabbath day." 15 But the Lord answered him and said, "You hypocrites! Does not each of you on the sabbath untie his ox or his donkey from the manger, and lead it away to give it water? 16 And ought not this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan bound for eighteen long years, be set free from this bondage on the sabbath day?" 17 When he said this, all his opponents were put to shame; and the entire crowd was rejoicing at all the wonderful things that he was doing.

            Eighteen years is a long time to do anything. It’s a long time to own a car (at least one you drive every day), a long time to keep a pair of pants, a long time to use the same lawnmower. It’s a long time to do the same job; granted, lots of people work for the same company for a lot longer, but to do the exact same job for eighteen years…that’s a long time. Eighteen years is a long time to do anything, but it can especially feel like a long time to wait.

            I can remember when I was a kid being told that once I turned eighteen I would be an “adult,” that I’d be free to move out of the house, get a job, join the military, vote, get a loan, and all sorts of other “grown-up” things. Even when I was twelve, though, eighteen seemed like it was centuries away. I can imagine eighteen years is a long time to wait, because I’m sure the sixteen years between Return of the Jedi and The Phantom Menace felt like ages to thousands of Star Wars fans. You better believe eighteen years sounds like a life sentence when the judge’s gavel falls and the sentence is handed down: when it’s measured in hash marks scratched on a cinderblock wall, I bet eighteen years feels like forever. Eighteen years is a long time to have to do anything, a long time to have to wait, and it’s a long time to spend stopped over, unable to even stand up straight.

            That’s how long Luke tells us this nameless woman in our text this morning had suffered with this crippling spirit. For eighteen years she learned people by the site of their feet. For eighteen years she recognized where she was going by the cracks in the ground and the way the path was worn smooth. For eighteen years she’d been wracked with pain, unable to stand and greet her loved ones with a hug, unable to look another human being in the eye. For eighteen years she was stooped over: children would have grown up to have their own children in that time, friends would have died, and people would have moved in and out of her life. For eighteen years she suffered through the pain, and to you and I that sounds like a long time, but in a day with a much lower life-expectancy, eighteen years could have been half her life, and she spent it stooped over in pain, unable to stand.

            Eighteen years is a long time to wait for a healing rabbi to show up at the synagogue, but that’s about how long it took before Jesus showed up one day to teach in her local synagogue that Sabbath day. I wonder if it was on the sign out front: “This Sabbath, special guest rabbi, Jesus of Nazareth. Bring a friend.” I wonder if it had made the gossip circles: “You know, Jesus is going to be at the synagogue this Sabbath.” “Good, ‘cause I’m not sure I can sit through another one of Rabbi Chris’s sermons without passing out!” I wonder if Jesus just showed up that Sabbath and was asked to teach. I know that’s how some small, old churches do it: a preacher shows up just to visit the church one Sunday, but when the pastor sees the guest preacher in the pews, he begs him to come up and preach that morning (maybe because the pastor’s unprepared, or maybe because he’d like to show folks how bad it can be—I’m never really sure). Maybe the rabbi of that synagogue saw Jesus in the back with his disciples, and during the announcements asked if Jesus might give the lesson that morning.

I’m not really sure how it came to be, but my guess is this woman wasn’t a first time guest, a curious passerby sticking her crippled head in the door to see what’s happening. No, it’s very likely this woman had been a regular at the synagogue, and she was surely a regular in the community (I wouldn’t doubt f folks there knew her simply as “the woman with the bent back”). That means, for at least eighteen years this woman had darkened the door of the synagogue. For eighteen years, folks in that place had done business with her, had crossed paths with her in the streets, and they had seen her in the marketplaces and other spots in the community. For eighteen years, this woman had lived in this community and been a part of it, though I don’t doubt that folks kept their distance. After all, she had “a spirit,” and folks with a spirit weren’t the kind of folks good, religious people were supposed to be around.

I imagine that Sabbath, this woman took a seat in the back, among the other women, a place where women could be seen (sometimes) but never heard, never acknowledged. I imagine she stared at the ground, as trying to strain towards the sound of the rabbi’s voice would inevitably cause cramps, cricks, and all sorts of pain. I’m quite sure it startled her when she heard Jesus call her name (a name, unfortunately forgotten by the time Luke hears the story). I do wonder, though, what went through her mind when he said to her, "Woman, you are set free from your ailment." In that brief moment, did she think to herself, “who is this guy who thinks he can erase eighteen years of pain in a matter of mere moments?” She doesn’t have long to question Jesus before he lays his hands on her and “immediately she stood up straight and began praising God.”

Now, I can hear all the thoughts bouncing around in that synagogue that morning. Can’t you? “Praise God! That woman done got healed! It’s a miracle!” “I bet it was staged! You know, I don’t think I’ve ever seen her before anyway.” “It’s fake! I saw her yesterday over at the Wal-Marts buying shampoo—off the top shelf!” Yes, I’m sure there were believers and doubters there in that synagogue, just as there are anytime the Spirit of God moves, but one thing I do know—the religious folks didn’t like it one bit!

“[T]he leader of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had cured on the sabbath, kept saying to the crowd, ‘There are six days on which work ought to be done; come on those days and be cured, and not on the sabbath day.’" What an odd thing to say. Seriously, listen to what he says to the crowd again: “There are six days on which work ought to be done; come on those days and be cured, and not on the sabbath day.” Who is he indignant towards? Who is he mad at? Sounds to me like he’s mad at the crowd, at the woman, at Jesus—at everybody! Why? Because healing took place on the Sabbath, when there are obviously six other days for such things to be taken care of. He, in effect, says, “Come back when we’re not having church if you want to be cured; don’t bother us with your needing to be freed from a spirit of oppression on this holy day when we are too busy reflecting on God’s freeing of our people from the oppression of Pharaoh…come back when we’re aloud to heal you, when our religion doesn’t prevent us from making you whole again.” I can help but think that there was even a thought or two that sounded something like, “She’s been bent over like that for eighteen years and she can’t wait until Monday to get cured!”

Why is the leader of the synagogue so ill? What’s really caused him to be indignant? Perhaps he was genuinely upset that the Sabbath laws had been broken. I could understand that. Rules are rules for a reason, especially religious rules. We have to keep the Sabbath holy after all. I mean, God rested from work on the Sabbath, shouldn’t we also rest? As a minister, I’m often shocked by the contradictory nature of such sentiment from some church folks who want to have all sorts of services, meetings, practices, and events on Sundays: on the one hand, they claim Sunday as the Christian Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, but on the other they jam it so full of activities that their feet don’t touch the floor from flying all around on Sunday. It was, in a way, the same thing folks had done to the Sabbath in Jesus’ day, but instead of multiple services, committees, and choirs, there was the work of non-work, the tediousness of being sure not to do anything that might be considered work on the Sabbath, lest one incur the wrath of a resting God. A person had to keep track of their steps on the Sabbath, being sure not to exceed the minimum number required for walking to be considered “work.” One had to be mindful of what chores were done, how much weight one carried, how many words one said, and on and on the Shabbat laws went. It became work just to make sure one wasn’t working! So I could understand if the leader of the synagogue was indignant because he really felt the Sabbath was being broken, just as I can understand when church folks get bent out of shape when Sunday school is called off or service is cancelled. Doesn’t mean either of them are right, but I can understand it.

Or maybe the leader of the synagogue was just offended, offended that this woman had been bent by this spirit for eighteen years and is only now being healed—by the visiting rabbi. I can understand that, being offended when the work you feel called to do is done by someone else, on your “turf.” She had been crippled for eighteen years, why didn’t she come to him? Why didn’t she believe he could heal her? If she was a woman of faith, she would have known not to be healed on the Sabbath, but to come by any other day when such work was allowed. Maybe the leader of the synagogue was just offended—hurt that he didn’t get to be the one to bring healing to a member of his congregation, but instead, had to be a spectator to her healing by the visiting rabbi, and on the Sabbath, no less! Maybe, but I think there’s something else behind his indignation.

I think he was jealous. Really. After all, that’s what happens when our comfortable faith gives way to unpredictable working of God’s Spirit. When we’re so convinced that we’ve got the right way figured out, when we’ve got the key, the answer, the only right way to do things, Jesus jumps in and breaks it all up. Christ busts up our comfortable religion that keeps us in control, that allows us to be the definers of Sabbath and the writers of rules. “No healing on the Sabbath?” Why? "You hypocrites! Does not each of you on the sabbath untie his ox or his donkey from the manger, and lead it away to give it water?” “Are you saying livestock are more valuable than this woman, your sister? Do you really believe God cares more about your ox and donkey getting a drink of water on Saturday than this woman being made whole?” Honestly, I’d be afraid to hear some of our answers.

We may think it’s an obvious decision: of course we should heal a woman on the Sabbath if we’re going to water our livestock!” But what if the question were posed to us in the Church today a bit differently? If you’d send money to feed a dog in a shelter, would you send money to feed a starving child—a Muslim child? What about her parents? If you’d take time out of your day to play with your children, would you take time to play with those who have no parents? What if they’re disabled and can be more screams of frustration than joy? If you’d gladly give to CBF for disaster relief, would you give to a secular non-profit that’s actively helping to bring clean water to villages around the world that don’t have it?

You see, friends, I’ve found that we’re not too unlike the leader of the synagogue in Luke’s telling of this story. We’ve grown protective of our religion to the point of missing the forest for the trees. We’ve grown too concerned about manmade religious rules, regulations, practices, policies, procedures, limits, laws, and outlines. We’ve gotten too caught up in setting up the boundaries of who’s in and who’s out to realize we’re called to love all people, not just the ones we’ve drawn our circles around. We’ve aloud too much religion to get in the way of what Jesus has actually called us to do, so we argue about what church services are supposed to look like, how many we’re supposed to have and when we’re supposed to have them. We’ve mixed politics in with our religion so much that many people can’t tell them apart, and worst of all, can’t tell that their missing the point altogether! We’ve decided that love can be defined as threats of damnation and self-righteousness, that compassion is a weakness, that hospitality is only reserved for those who have been extremely vetted. And I am becoming more and more convinced that so many Christians behave this way because we are jealous, jealous that others we view as less worthy, less honorable, less deserving, more reckless, more careless, more wicked, more sinful, dirtier, poorer, lower than us are loved with the same unconditional love from Christ with which we are loved. And it drives us crazy to think about it!

That’s what’s really so controversial about the cross, about the gospel—not that it keeps out the folks who ought to be kept out, but that the love of God welcomes all! That’s what makes the synagogue leader indignant: the crippled woman with the spirit—she’s made whole. That’s what made the other religious leaders of Jesus’ day so angry: the prostitutes? They’re in! The tax collectors? They’re in! The Gentiles?! They’re in! The cursed, the downtrodden, the Sabbath-breakers, the meek, the poor, the lazy, the blind, the sorry, the old, the young, the women, the children…? Yes! All of them! They’re in! Then where does it stop? Where do we draw the line? When does all of this grace, love, and joy end? You know what I hear Christ saying to me when I ask him that, when I ask him when does it end, when do I get to say I’ve loved enough—do you know his answer? “Any day but today”…and he tells me that every, single day. Amen. 

"Can I Get A Witness?" (Thirteenth Sunday after Pentecost)

Hebrews 11:29-12:2

11:29 By faith the people passed through the Red Sea as if it were dry land, but when the Egyptians attempted to do so they were drowned. 30 By faith the walls of Jericho fell after they had been encircled for seven days. 31 By faith Rahab the prostitute did not perish with those who were disobedient, because she had received the spies in peace. 32 And what more should I say? For time would fail me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and Samuel and the prophets— 33 who through faith conquered kingdoms, administered justice, obtained promises, shut the mouths of lions, 34 quenched raging fire, escaped the edge of the sword, won strength out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. 35 Women received their dead by resurrection. Others were tortured, refusing to accept release, in order to obtain a better resurrection. 36 Others suffered mocking and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment. 37 They were stoned to death, they were sawn in two, they were killed by the sword; they went about in skins of sheep and goats, destitute, persecuted, tormented— 38 of whom the world was not worthy. They wandered in deserts and mountains, and in caves and holes in the ground. 39 Yet all these, though they were commended for their faith, did not receive what was promised, 40 since God had provided something better so that they would not, apart from us, be made perfect.12:1 Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight and the sin that clings so closely, and let us run with perseverance the race that is set before us, 2 looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith, who for the sake of the joy that was set before him endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God.

            In the latter years of my maternal grandmother’s life (I called her “Ma”), her home on the corner of the Boll Weevil Circle and Bellwood Road was decorated with angels. Now, I don’t mean she had prints of the renaissance masters’ works of St. Michael or St. Gabriel hanging in the living room, nor did she have Christmas tree toppers lining every shelf and occupying every flat surface. No, she didn’t decorate her house with those sorts of angels. It was mostly pictures of those little chubby, curly-headed babies with wings stuck to their backs or images of angels as young, blonde-haired women, usually depicted walking alongside some children on a shaky bridge or through some otherwise treacherous scene. In the last decade of Ma’s life, it seemed she became slightly obsessed with angels. I’d say she was simply a collector of angelic knickknacks, but then there was her interest in Sylvia Browne.

            I can remember Ma, on Sundays at lunch, talking about Sylvia Browne on The Montel Williams Show. Ma would tell us about how Sylvia would talk about angels, how angels surround us and seek to communicate with us through people like her. I remember thinking even as a child how gullible Ma seemed when she’d tell us about how Sylvia Browne would take a random stranger in the audience and begin to tell them things about their dead loved ones and about how they were in a better place, not to worry about them, or where to look to find the key to the safety deposit box! Back then, I thought Ma had just gone a little crazy—hadn’t slipped off into the deep end, but her toes could barely touch! Back then, I thought Ma had better sense than to buy into the sort of stuff they push on daytime talk shows and late-night infomercials. But now, as an adult looking back, I think I understand why Ma was so fascinated by what folks like Sylvia Browne had to say about things like angels: looking back, I realize Ma’s interest in such things began sometime after October of 1994, after Pa died.

            I remember when Pa died. I was sitting in the floor at my dad’s house, playing Ghostbusters on the Nintendo, when the phone rang, and Dad answered it. I heard him say a few muffled words and heard his steps coming towards me. I paused the game, and Dad said, “Son, your Pa just passed.” I distinctly remember deciding to turn the game off because I thought it was the right thing to do. I remember crying at the visitation. I don’t remember the funeral, but I remember Pa. Pa was a dead ringer for Jackie Gleason, a man who lied about his age to fight in Korea at sixteen and come back with a purple heart, a man that wore a floppy-brimmed hat with all kinds of pins in it, a man who smoked a pipe, wore red suspenders over v-neck t-shirts, waxed his mustache, liked to fish, and take his grandson rabbit hunting in the junk pile behind the house. He was the kind of man who had a ham radio in the kitchen by the dining room table, an old bathtub for raising worms in the backyard, and a rusted Lincoln in a collapsing barn, where he also kept more than one bottle of homemade peach wine. I remember him even now in the few pictures I recall in my momma’s house, and you know something, the funny thing is, I think about him and Ma whenever I see those awful paintings of little chubby babies with wings stuck on their backs, whenever I see angels.

            Maybe that was why Ma was so fond of them in her later years, because they reminded her that she wasn’t alone, that Pa and all those who had gone on before were surrounding her—even in her home—like a fog of friendship. Or as the writer of Hebrews calls it in our text this morning, “a great cloud of witnesses.”

            Now, to be fair, the author of Hebrews isn’t talking about some paranormal phenomenon; we’re not surrounded by ghosts trying to reach out to us through so-called psychics. To understand what the writer is getting at, we have to start with the beginning of the text before us this morning, in chapter 11, verses 29-40. You see, in these verses the writer is laying out a sort of “who’s who” of heroes and heroines from the Hebrew Scriptures, a litany of faithful folks from the Old Testament: he leads with the people of Israel crossing the Red Sea, how by faith they passed through on dry ground and how (by faith) they brought the walls of Jericho down by walking around it for seven days; then he mentions Rahab, the prostitute, who assisted the Israelite spies and joined them, believing the God of Israel to be the one, true God; then, as if the writer is in a hurry for some reason, he lists Gideon, Barak, Samson, and  Jephthah—all judges over Israel who led the people for a time; of course there’s Samuel, the last judge and prophet who anointed both Saul and David as king over Israel, and then David himself, the Psalmist, the one who slew Goliath, the one who was “a man after God’s own heart;” and to be sure the author covers all his bases he adds “and the prophets.”  Now, in verses 33 and 34 the writer mentions the great acts of faith accomplished by these folks: they “conquered kingdoms, administered justice, obtained promises, shut the mouths of lions, quenched raging fire, escaped the edge of the sword, won strength out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight.” Impressive stuff! Those are the kinds of things that get your name and image set in stained glass, the kinds of things that get your story told over and over in Sunday school rooms and every summer in Vacation Bible Schools. Those are the sorts of things that make one a hero or heroine.

            Then, the writer goes on in verses 35 through 38 to describe those who have suffered for their faith, those “Women [who] received their dead by resurrection. Others were tortured, refusing to accept release, in order to obtain a better resurrection. Others suffered mocking and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment [like Paul and Peter]. They were stoned to death [like Stephen], they were sawn in two [as tradition says the prophet Isaiah was], they were killed by the sword; they went about in skins of sheep and goats, destitute, persecuted, tormented—of whom the world was not worthy. They wandered in deserts and mountains, and in caves and holes in the ground.” These aren’t the types of folks who become heroes because of their great accomplishments, because of their winning percentage in the battles of territorial conquest. These are the types of heroes and heroines who become so because of their exemplary faith, because of their faithfulness even through torture and death. The writer thinks so highly of these martyrs that he even claims that the world was not worthy of them!

            To take things even further though, to prove beyond a doubt the depth of faithfulness possessed by these exemplary folks mentioned in these verses, the author of our text this morning says in verses 39 and 40, “Yet all these, though they were commended for their faith, did not receive what was promised, since God had provided something better so that they would not, apart from us, be made perfect.” In other words, even all these folks listed, all these judges, prophets, kings, apostles, martyrs, and saints—even all of them didn’t receive what was promised to Abraham by God (that is multiple descendants, the land of Canaan, and all that went with the covenant between God and Abraham discussed in the earlier chapters of this letter and found in the book of Genesis), and it wasn’t because they were exempt from the promise, and it wasn’t because God backed out on the promise. No, they didn’t receive that promise because God has something even better in store for them, and not just them, but all of us who follow Christ Jesus.

            It is only after these words about these judges, prophets, kings, martyrs, and saints, that the writer of Hebrews pens those more familiar words in chapter twelve: “Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight and the sin that clings so closely, and let us run with perseverance the race that is set before us.” These heroes and heroine, saints of old, surround us as a great cloud of witnesses. Now, I have to tell you, on the one hand I can get pretty excited about that, about this notion that there are those Sunday school icons surrounding me as I go about my daily routine, as I fumble my way through this thing called faith. I can get pretty excited by the thought that these saints go before me, come alongside me, and follow after me as I “run the race set before me.” To tell the truth, it’s a bit encouraging at times to think they’re there, and maybe that’s a bit Catholic of me, but so what; to think that I am in the company of David, of Peter, of Paul as I go about in this life…well, that can be a bit encouraging. I suppose it could be a bit overwhelming too.

            I remember as a kid, having not really grown up in church, I just sort of guessed at how things worked in the realm of all things spiritual, things like the nature of the hereafter and the presence of God. For some reason (cartoons I suspect) I always imagined heaven was a place way on up above the clouds, and there was a clearing in the floor where the folks in heaven would be able to look down on their loved ones whenever felt the need to check in on them. I can remember being somewhat startled by that fact when I forgot to take my cap off when I came inside Grandma’s house; I was afraid Granddaddy could see me from heaven, and he wouldn’t be happy. I also used to imagine God was something a bit like Santa Claus: “he sees you when you’re sleeping/he knows when you’re awake/he knows when you’ve been bad or good…” Honestly, the thought of God seeing me at all times was a bit scary as a kid. So I can imagine the notion of a great cloud of saintly witnesses could be a bit overwhelming, that one might feel the weight of their collective judgement bearing down on him or her in those moments of weakness and failure we all endure on life’s journey.

            But you know what? These saints listed and alluded to by the writer of this epistle, you know what makes them better than you, what makes them noteworthy and deserving of a place on the Sunday school wall and in the stained glass of holy spaces? Not one, single thing! In fact, I would go so far as to say the more encouraging thing about this “great cloud of witnesses” is that they are all just as messed up as the rest of us. Whether it is David who once raped a woman and had her husband killed, Rahab who likely helped the spies initially because she wanted to save her own life, Samson whose faults and failures seem to be forgotten simply because of his legendary strength, nice hair, and ability to single-handedly demolish a building, Peter with his three-time denial of Jesus and overzealous use of a knife, or Paul and his occasional misogyny and arrogance—pic any saint, any one of the exalted heroes and heroines of Scripture and once you get passed the polished exterior of the stories on the surface and dig down into the core of who they really were, you’ll find they’re no different from us. In fact, you may find, in most cases, they’ve done things you might otherwise find unspeakable!

            And why should we expect it to be any other way?! Why do we expect people to be perfect, to live up to the fanciful fiction of righteousness we’ve created? The writer of Hebrews tells us plainly that not even any of these saints were perfect; none of them set the pace in the race we’re all running. No, only one did that: “Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith, who for the sake of the joy that was set before him endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God.” You know, I find it encouraging to know that those who make up the “great cloud of witnesses” surrounding us, are folks not unlike you and me, people of faith, who themselves sought to cast off the weight of sin and selfishness and run the race God had set before them. I’m encouraged to know that these fractured and fallen folks make up that cloud of witnesses, because that means there’s room for me among their ranks, there’s a place for me among the saints of God, a place for you and me to be included with those who “run with perseverance the race that is set before us” so long as we keep “looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith.”

            Surrounding us even now is that great cloud of witnesses, with folks like Abraham, Moses, Rahab, Samson, Gideon, David, Isaiah, Peter, Paul, and Mary. In that cloud are those great martyrs like Stephen and great holders of the faith like Martin Luther, Teresa of Calcutta, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, John Wesley, and Roger Williams. But I also know that in that great cloud of witnesses are folks with names like Oliver, Doug, Roy, Hilda Dean, Rachel, Perry, and Joyce—folks whose lives didn’t unfold in the pages of Holy Scripture but right here among us. That great cloud of witnesses surrounds us—not so we may be intimidated or scared by the prospect of God and the saints watching our every move, but so we may be encouraged by their lasting presence, so we may be encouraged to “lay aside every weight and the sin that clings so closely, and…run with perseverance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith, who for the sake of the joy that was set before him endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God.”

            May you be encouraged this day by knowing that you are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, saints who have gone on before and call us on ahead in this life of faith, who call us on as we seek to follow Jesus. May you find hope in their mysterious presence, in the divine providence of God, and the hope that God calls you on in this journey and that one day, in the culmination of God’s kingdom, we will be caught up in that great cloud to dwell in eternal relationship with God and all the saints. May you listen and bear witness to those—even those who have passed on—who are even now calling you on, calling you to follow Jesus. Amen. 

"Don't Be Afraid. Be Ready." (Twelfth Sunday after Pentecost)

Luke 12:32-40

32 "Do not be afraid, little flock, for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom. 33 Sell your possessions, and give alms. Make purses for yourselves that do not wear out, an unfailing treasure in heaven, where no thief comes near and no moth destroys. 34 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also. 35 "Be dressed for action and have your lamps lit; 36 be like those who are waiting for their master to return from the wedding banquet, so that they may open the door for him as soon as he comes and knocks. 37 Blessed are those slaves whom the master finds alert when he comes; truly I tell you, he will fasten his belt and have them sit down to eat, and he will come and serve them. 38 If he comes during the middle of the night, or near dawn, and finds them so, blessed are those slaves. 39 "But know this: if the owner of the house had known at what hour the thief was coming, he would not have let his house be broken into. 40 You also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an unexpected hour."

            On farm-to-market road 185, just across the Coryell County line in Central Texas sits a little white church with a graveled parking lot. The sign in the church yard says, “Osage Baptist Church: Founded 1874.” I pastored that small congregation for the three years I was in seminary, and right across the road from that church is a big pasture, and a ways off the road in that pasture is a big, ranch-style house. It was the home of a young couple in our church; the husband was a part of one of the largest farming families in Central Texas, so a great deal of the land around the church belonged to them (including a portion of the church yard, which they weren’t too bashful about reminding the rest of us every so often).

Well, as it usually goes when you’re the new pastor, folks would have us over for lunch after church, and this couple invited Sallie and me across the road and the cattle guard to their home one Sunday. I remember it being a nice, big house. The outside was covered with stone like a great many of the houses in Texas. Big, metal stars decorated the outside of the house and John Deere tractors decorated the inside on wallpaper and fabric. I distinctly remember their dining room table: it was long enough to sit ten or twelve people, a custom made piece of furniture for big, family meals. But what really stands out in my mind about their house was what they called their “safe room.” It was a room in the very center of the house, ten feet long by ten feet wide, with poured, reinforced, foot-thick concrete walls and ceiling, and a one-inch thick steel door with two bolted locks. What was inside that room, however, proved to be even more interesting to me: there were large cans of food, big croker sacks of beans, several five-gallon bottles of drinking water, more than a few guns (rifles, shotguns, and pistols), ammunition boxes, and at least two tanks of oxygen. At first, they told me it was their storm shelter, but when I pointed to the guns and asked if the tornadoes shoot at you in Texas, or when I pointed at the oxygen tanks and asked why they’d need those after a tornado, they said, “Well, it’s more of a safe room,” and (with a tone of complete seriousness) the wife said, “We want to be ready.”  “Ready?” I remember thinking, “Looks more to me like you’re not ready, but afraid.”

            There are a lot of folks these days who are afraid.

You know, the Bible says something to the effect of “Do not be afraid” over 100 times (there are some folks who count as many as 365),[1] yet it seems to me as if fear is the trending topic of our day, as if being afraid is on par with being wise. Sure, the Bible tells us that God says “Do not be afraid,” but there are just so many things we’re told to be afraid of: terrorists, climate change, ISIS, illegal immigrants, gay marriage, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, refugees, the Zika virus, Pokémon, Muslims, and whatever new threat has come across the wire today. We’re supposed to be scared of so many things these days that I’m just glad you all had the courage to leave your homes this morning! The Scriptures say at least 100 times “Do not be afraid,” yet we’re told everyday about one more thing of which we ought to be scared, and the sad news is so many of us who call ourselves Christians are terrified!

            Now, we say we’re scared of the sorts of things I’ve already mentioned, things cable news and over-paid, over-exposed preachers tell us to be afraid of, but you know, I can’t help but ask why we’re afraid of such things. Perhaps we’re afraid we’ll be harmed, that something bad will happen to us, that our homes and all our possessions will be taken from us, that our lives will somehow be made worse. If that’s the case, if we’re afraid of losing our stuff, then the words of Jesus in verse 33 ought to give us a bit of instruction: “Sell your possessions, and give alms. Make purses for yourselves that do not wear out, an unfailing treasure in heaven, where no thief comes near and no moth destroys.” Here, Jesus reminds us (as he so often does) that this way of life, this “kingdom living” isn’t about possessions anyway; it isn’t about storing up for ourselves treasures on earth. In fact, Jesus goes so far as to say, “sell all you’ve got and give what you make off of it to the poor.” I’m sure that was about as popular then as it is now! He also says, though, to make purses that won’t wear out—not because those of us who follow Jesus are going to make bank on this whole “being a disciple” thing, but because the treasure of God’s kingdom is more than you can count and more than you could spend—mostly because it isn’t a currency of monetary value; it’s a currency measured in faith, hope, and love, and those things never wear out. They’re the sorts of things you can only have more of the more you give them away.

            I think it’s what Jesus says next, though, that gets to the heart of our fear really: “For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” You see, I’m convinced that if our “treasure” is in our stuff—our possessions, our titles, our opinions, our sense of self-righteousness—then that’s what we’ll really care about when the pressure is on; we’ll want to protect our stuff, to make a stand to protect our opinions, to protect ourselves and our so-called “way of life.” But the message of the gospel is so radically counter to that, so emphatically opposed to “self.” That’s hard for us to get over, because for so long so many of us were told that the gospel is about me! That it’s simply about going to heaven when we die, about protecting ourselves from the eternal torment of hell. For some of us, the gospel is about getting the treasures of this world in the next one, about getting all that we’ve ever wanted on earth when we get to heaven. Is it any wonder, then, that when we hear tough words like these from Jesus we try to explain them away, allegorize them, say they’re only symbolic or a metaphor? Is it any wonder then, that we’ll say things like, “Well, what Jesus really means here is...” in an attempt to get out of giving up ourselves?

            Really, though, I think that’s what lies at the heart of our fear: selfishness. I’m finding the longer I live that most (if not all) of my problems can be traced back to that need to promote and protect self (I may even go so far as to say it’s the true “original sin”). Therefore, I think the way we cure our fear is by letting go of self; the way we prove the gospel to the world is by letting go of self. You see, it’s by denying self that we can truly be ready: ready to share the love of Christ with a world that needs to hear the hope of the truth of God’s love, ready to be the hands and feet of Jesus in those places in the world where children are hungry, where people are lonely, where families are sick, where people are marginalized and tortured, ready to bring God’s kingdom on earth as it is in heaven. Ready, because we’re no longer concerned about what is safe or profitable or secure. Ready, because that is what we are called to be: ready, not afraid.

            I mean, Jesus begins this section with the words "Do not be afraid,” and then in verse 35 he seems to change direction: "Be dressed for action and have your lamps lit; be like those who are waiting for their master to return from the wedding banquet, so that they may open the door for him as soon as he comes and knocks.” “Don’t be afraid,” Jesus says, “Be Ready.” "Be dressed for action and have your lamps lit:” don’t be like those who scour the pages of Scripture looking for codes, for signs, for numbers, and hidden messages that will reveal when the world will come crashing to a gruesome end. Be ready now for the work before you even now! Don’t be like those who cramp their necks from staring at the sky, waiting for the stars to fall and the elect to be called up to heaven, get busy bringing heaven and the love of God to folks on earth now! Be ready! Be like those who are waiting for their master to return, those who are about the work of straightening up the place, or setting things right, of doing what the master has called them to do. Be ready like them, not sitting on the couch, staring out the window so you can look busy when you see his car pull in the driveway. Be ready now by doing what the master has already called you to do!

            Jesus says, “Do not be afraid…Be ready.” But he doesn’t mean stockpiling rations or ammo, or building a zombie-proof bunker. He doesn’t mean making sure you’ve got all your doctrinal “I’s” dotted and all your theological “T’s” crossed. No, what he means is be ready to be found doing what we as disciples of Christ have always been called to do: share the love of God with the whole world. And here’s the crazy part to all of this: when we are found ready, found doing what Christ calls us to do, it is then that Christ returns that service back to us yet again. Listen to what he says in verse 37: “Blessed are those slaves whom the master finds alert when he comes; truly I tell you, he will fasten his belt and have them sit down to eat, and he will come and serve them.” It’s a complete reversal of roles! The master—upon finding his servants ready—serves them! Our reward for being ready, for being about the work of God’s kingdom, of bringing about the kingdom on earth as it is in heaven, is the selfless service of the God of the universe; the ever-deepening relationship God has established with us in Christ continues on into eternity.

            Now, the final verses of our text this morning lend themselves to “doomsday prophets” and those who like to use the “end of days” as a tool of fearful manipulation. They are, however, words from Jesus that are about so much more than making sure one has his or her ticket when the train for heaven blows its whistle. No, Christ’s words are about being ready, about doing the work he has called us all to every day, for we don’t know when our time may be up. Jesus says, “But know this: if the owner of the house had known at what hour the thief was coming, he would not have let his house be broken into. You also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an unexpected hour." It’s a bit of a shift from his previous words, but the message carries over. Be ready doing the work of the kingdom, for you don’t know when Christ will return, when your time is up, when you’ll have to give an account for what you’ve done with the gift you’ve been given, when you may have to answer for your selfishness or for the selfless ways you’ve given hope and shown love.

            Honestly, I think it boils down to this: Are you afraid, or are you ready? Are you afraid of the woes of the world as they’re told to you from your television of computer screen, or are you ready to fearlessly welcome the stranger, love your enemy, and pray for those who are different? Are you afraid of the eternal separation from God that is hell, or are you ready to spend every day from this one on living in the light of eternal love that only grows as you give it away? Are you afraid of losing everything you have, afraid of being hurt, afraid of being broken, afraid of being wrong, afraid of letting go, or are you ready to give away all you have, ready to risk loving those who may not love you back, ready to be broken so the light of Christ may shine through, ready to be a fool to the world so you may be wise in Christ, ready to let go of all that seeks to drag you down to keep you from doing and being what you know Christ is calling you to, ready to love and be loved by the God who knows you far better than you could ever know yourself? Are you afraid, or are you ready?

            "Do not be afraid…for it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom.” God wants you to have the hope, joy, and love that comes from a life lived in the reality of the kingdom of heaven. It’s God’s good pleasure for you to have that reality even now, even in the midst of all that might scare you. "Do not be afraid,” for God has come near in Christ Jesus, and Christ is calling each and every one of us to “be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an unexpected hour." Are you afraid, or are you ready? Amen.

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[1] https://www.reference.com/world-view/many-times-bible-say-fear-7bca141376d0ed13

"The Disciples' Prayer" (Tenth Sunday after Pentecost)

Luke 11:1-13

1 He was praying in a certain place, and after he had finished, one of his disciples said to him, "Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples." 2 He said to them, "When you pray, say: Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. 3 Give us each day our daily bread. 4 And forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us. And do not bring us to the time of trial." 5 And he said to them, "Suppose one of you has a friend, and you go to him at midnight and say to him, "Friend, lend me three loaves of bread; 6 for a friend of mine has arrived, and I have nothing to set before him.' 7 And he answers from within, "Do not bother me; the door has already been locked, and my children are with me in bed; I cannot get up and give you anything.' 8 I tell you, even though he will not get up and give him anything because he is his friend, at least because of his persistence he will get up and give him whatever he needs. 9 "So I say to you, Ask, and it will be given you; search, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened for you. 10 For everyone who asks receives, and everyone who searches finds, and for everyone who knocks, the door will be opened. 11 Is there anyone among you who, if your child asks for a fish, will give a snake instead of a fish? 12 Or if the child asks for an egg, will give a scorpion? 13 If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!"

             Who taught you how to pray? If I really think about it, I don’t think anyone taught me how (and I don’t mean that in a way that sounds self-sufficient or braggy). You see, like most of you, I grew up in the “Bible Belt,” in a culture where we pray before football games, before stock car races, before we eat our McNuggets, and sometimes even before we get a haircut. I grew up watching people all around me pray, bowing their heads, closing their eyes, some of them raising their hands. I listened as some of them prayed long-winded prayers, asking God to bless every grain of rice in the bowl and every pea in the pot. I listened as some folks slipped into the gilded language of Elizabethan English (most often mixing up their “thee’s” and “thou’s”). I even heard a few folks pray in tongues—a rather strange, Pentecostal phenomenon of which I am somewhat suspicious. I’ve listened as folks prayed earnestly, searching for words in times of grief and confusion, and I’ve listened to folks pray in such ways that it seemed to me they were praying because they liked the sound of their own voices. I especially like to hear people, congregations praying in unison; the sound of joined voices praying with one another moves something within my spirit. But no one ever really taught me how to pray.

            Sure, there were spiritual formation groups, retreats, and classes I took throughout college and seminary where I was shown new and different ways to pray. I was shown how to do what is called “centering prayer,” where one tries to calm all of the heart and mind’s distractions in order to focus wholly on Christ. I was told about ancient and traditional prayers of the Church, written prayers of which I was initially skeptical due to my coming to faith in a relatively conservative, rural, Baptist congregation, where we were a bit suspicious of all things written down and planned. The words of such prayers helped to shape my prayers, helping me to be more intentional about that which I prayed. Even now, I tend to use a prayer book for my daily prayers to help shape and focus my prayer time. But still, no one ever really taught me how to pray, you know, the mechanics of the whole things, the actual words and things I’m supposed to say when I pray. Did anyone teach you how to pray?

            Of course, in our text this morning, the disciples don’t ask Jesus to teach them to pray as if they’ve never prayed before or as if they’re unfamiliar with the very notion of prayer. Jesus’ disciples were Jews, raised in the traditions and customs of ancient Judaism—including prayer. They would have memorized certain prayers and heard many of the same prayers repeated throughout the day. They would have been more than a little familiar with the great prayers found in the Psalms and the ritual prayers that accompanied the cultic practices of the temple. So when they come to Jesus in verse one of our text this morning asking "Lord, teach us to pray, as John taught his disciples,” it is not because they are completely clueless about what it means to pray; there’s something more to it.

            You see, they wanted Jesus to teach them to pray “as John taught his disciples.” Now, that doesn’t mean that John taught his disciples some new-fangled way to pray involving secret yoga poses or magic words. No, what they mean is that John taught his disciples how to pray specifically for the movement John was hoping to see come about. He taught his disciples to pray in such a way that united them as a body of John-followers. Think about it like this: John taught his disciples how to pray for those things which he hoped his movement would accomplish, things like the revelation of the Messiah and the repentance and baptism of the masses. John’s teachings on prayer to his disciples would have shaped the way they understood God and the way they understood the mission John saw himself undertaking. This is no different with Jesus and his disciples, and this is why Jesus’ disciples come asking for him to teach them how to pray: they want to be united in their prayers, united in the way they understood God and the mission to which Jesus was calling them. They wanted to focus their prayers on that which defined the movement.

            With that in mind, Jesus’ response, his teachings on prayer, aren’t all that earth-shaking—at least not to us…at first. Luke gives us an abbreviated (or perhaps original) version of what we traditionally call “The Lord’s Prayer” from Matthew in verse 2-4: "When you pray, say: Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Give us each day our daily bread. And forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us. And do not bring us to the time of trial." Now, at first reading, at first hearing, this seems like a straightforward, business-as-usual, sort of prayer, but when we take a closer look at what Jesus is teaching his disciples (what Jesus is teaching us) about prayer we can’t help but notice some major points of understanding when it comes to how Jesus would have us understand God and the practice of prayer.

            First, Jesus tells his disciples to address God as “Father” (pater in Greek; abba in Hebrew/Aramaic). Jesus isn’t attempting to make some sort of revelatory remark about the gender of God or the nature of the Trinitarian relationship with such a title. Rather, Jesus, in teaching his disciples to address God as “Father,” is showing us that God is with whom we live in relationship. God is not an aloof deity, occupying a throne in some cloud-covered temple behind the black curtain of the cosmos. God is not to be addressed as if we’re writing a letter to a senator or the president of a university. God is close, relational, familiar. God is like our father, our parent, our friend, one with whom we can share our concerns, our joys, our very lives. While the term “Father” itself may be problematic for some (especially for those who have had terrible, abusive fathers), Jesus’ point is that God is relational, loving, close enough for us to boldly share our hearts and our lives with God through prayer.

            Jesus also reminds us that God is more than just a friend with who we can have a nice conversation, that God is more than an invisible therapist to whom we can “spill our guts.” God is God, the Holy other, the One whose name is righteous. That is why Jesus is quick to remind us in his exemplary prayer to say, “hallowed be your name.” It reminds us that the God to whom we pray is in fact the God of creation, the God of unending holiness, of infinite justice, of eternal love, and unfailing power. This God, who is as close to us as a parent, with whom we live in relationship, is the same God with the power to create the universe, to speak the world in to being, to calm the storm, and bring order out of chaos. This familiar, loving, all-powerful God is the God to whom we pray, and Jesus reminds us of that with the first words of his teachings about prayer.

            He goes on to say that we ought to pray, “Your kingdom come,” that the first petition we ought to make to God is for God’s kingdom and all of its reality to come about. So often we rush to ask God for those things we want, for those things we need, for those situations we want resolved right now. Here, however, we listen as Christ reminds us that the first thing any of us should want, the primary desire of the disciple’s heart is the arrival of God’s kingdom. I think that means far more than just leading our list of prayer requests with the arrival of God’s kingdom. I believe that means that the bringing of God’s kingdom ought to be at the forefront of our prayers and our actions, that we ought to the be about the business of bringing God’s kingdom to reality on earth as it is in heaven by doing the work Christ has called us to in loving God and loving each other, in building unity, creating peace, and doing justice.

            “Give us each day our daily bread” is more than a petition for provision; it is a reminder to all of us (especially those of us in positions of privilege and relative wealth) that all that we have comes from something outside of us, that ultimately, everything we have, all that we need comes from God. I’m reminded of a story a seminary professor told of praying for his dinner one evening. He found himself not only thanking God for the bread on his table, but for the grain that made the bread, for the farmer who grew it, for the baker who baked it, for the store that sold it, for the driver who delivered it…on and on he went until he realized that there was nothing he owned that didn’t depend on a vast web of people and circumstances (like weather) to bring it to him. If we ought to first pray for God’s kingdom to come, we ought to then take the time to remember from where all that we have truly comes.

            The third petition of Jesus’ exemplary prayer is: “And forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us.” Asking God for forgiveness of sins is nothing new, yet I can’t help but notice the second half of this petition: “for we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us.” Now, that’s a bit different from the version I learned from Matthew’s gospel (“Forgive us…as we forgive those…”). Our forgiveness of others is implied here; it’s not conditional, nor does it follow after God’s forgiveness. Our forgiveness of others is a natural outpouring from God’s forgiveness to us.

            The final petition of the disciples’ prayer is: “And do not bring us to the time of trial.” This is a petition for God to stay with the disciples, to not abandon them when the way is trying and hope seems lost. It is a prayer for God to be present enough to deliver them from any sort of test, but we know that Jesus understands temptation, testing, and that such a prayer may be answered not by the avoidance of such trials, but by God’s presence with us in the midst of them.

            Jesus teaches his disciples to pray using this exemplary prayer, and then he rolls into a parable about a man who has some unexpected company at midnight, so he turns to a neighbor for some help. Jesus says in verses 5-8: "Suppose one of you has a friend, and you go to him at midnight and say to him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves of bread; for a friend of mine has arrived, and I have nothing to set before him.' And he answers from within, ‘Do not bother me; the door has already been locked, and my children are with me in bed; I cannot get up and give you anything.' I tell you, even though he will not get up and give him anything because he is his friend, at least because of his persistence he will get up and give him whatever he needs.” Now, when I have heard this parable explained in the past it has usually been along the lines of something like, “if you’re persistent in your prayers, daily, constantly bringing your concerns before God, God will eventually answer them” (or something like that). Honestly, that always bothered me a little bit; I mean, the notion that we would have to constantly, repetitively, pester God with our concerns until God was forced to answer our prayers just so we’d leave God alone. But that sort of interpretation is based upon that one word in verse 8 being translated as “persistence.”  The word there in Greek is actually anaideia and is better translated as “shamelessness” or “boldness” and that sheds a different light on this parable from Jesus, especially given his words following the parable and the previous exemplary prayer we’ve already examined.

            You see, Jesus is not holding up to us a parable about a man who persistently nagged his neighbor at midnight until he provided bread for his guests—in fact, the parable never says anything of the sort. Instead, we need a little cultural understanding about hospitality in the first century. You see, you and I live in the American South, and we may think we have the market cornered on hospitality, but in the first century, in a culture based highly upon honor and shame, hospitality was a high, cultural expectation—even at midnight. So, when a guests arrives at midnight (as was likely to happen in a day before travel by car and airplane was so easily scheduled) one was expected to provide bread (three loaves was customary). So, when this man has no bread (and there’s no 24-hour Super Walmart) he goes to a neighbor, hoping to avoid the embarrassment of not being hospitable. It’s midnight; it’s a bold, shameless move to go and wake his neighbor, to trust that his neighbor will also be bold and want to avoid the shame of not being hospitable. You see, the point of the parable is not to be a nagging person when it comes to praying, but to be bold enough to approach God with your concerns, with your needs.

            Such a point is taken further by Jesus’ words following the parable in verse 9-13: “So I say to you, Ask, and it will be given you; search, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened for you. For everyone who asks receives, and everyone who searches finds, and for everyone who knocks, the door will be opened. Is there anyone among you who, if your child asks for a fish, will give a snake instead of a fish? Or if the child asks for an egg, will give a scorpion? If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!"

            When the disciples ask Jesus to teach them to pray, Jesus teaches them to pray in such a way that boldly, shameless addresses God as a familiar, relational, holy deity who provides for our every need, walks with us through the trials of life, so that we may boldly bring about God’s kingdom on earth. We pray to a God who knows what we need far better than we can ever know, who provides for us in ways we may never fully appreciate, a God who is so close to us we can call on him like a parent. So, when we pray, we ought not to pray timidly, as if our prayers are not important, as if our concerns are little more than a bother to God. When we pray, we ought to bring our prayers shamelessly to God—our petitions, concerns, and confessions—for God desires to have such a relationship with us. When we pray—whether together as a congregation in this sanctuary or privately in our own homes—we ought to pray as Jesus taught us to pray: recognizing God as one who longs to be in relationship with us, as the holy God of the universe, whose in-breaking kingdom should be our utmost concern, who provides our every need and offers us the free forgiveness of his love and grace, while walking with us, even through life’s most trying times. May we pray as Jesus taught us to pray, with boldness, so that we may live as Christ calls us to live, without shame or fear, so that we may do what Christ calls us to do, to bring God’s kingdom on earth as it is in heaven. Amen.