Tuesday, June 24, 2014

Cast Out and Lifted Up (Second Sunday after Pentecost)

Genesis 21:8-21
8 The child grew, and was weaned; and Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 9 But Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, playing with her son Isaac. 10 So she said to Abraham, "Cast out this slave woman with her son; for the son of this slave woman shall not inherit along with my son Isaac." 11 The matter was very distressing to Abraham on account of his son. 12 But God said to Abraham, "Do not be distressed because of the boy and because of your slave woman; whatever Sarah says to you, do as she tells you, for it is through Isaac that offspring shall be named for you. 13 As for the son of the slave woman, I will make a nation of him also, because he is your offspring." 14 So Abraham rose early in the morning, and took bread and a skin of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, along with the child, and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered about in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. 15 When the water in the skin was gone, she cast the child under one of the bushes. 16 Then she went and sat down opposite him a good way off, about the distance of a bowshot; for she said, "Do not let me look on the death of the child." And as she sat opposite him, she lifted up her voice and wept. 17 And God heard the voice of the boy; and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven, and said to her, "What troubles you, Hagar? Do not be afraid; for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is. 18 Come, lift up the boy and hold him fast with your hand, for I will make a great nation of him." 19 Then God opened her eyes and she saw a well of water. She went, and filled the skin with water, and gave the boy a drink. 20 God was with the boy, and he grew up; he lived in the wilderness, and became an expert with the bow. 21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran; and his mother got a wife for him from the land of Egypt.

            Doug Pitt is a relatively successful man, but I’d wager that you’ve likely never heard of him. He owns ServiceWorld Computer Center, a company that specializes in business networks and communication technology. He serves on the board of WorldServe International, one of the largest water drilling companies in East Africa, which has given clean water to almost two million people since Doug joined the board. He also founded the child health organization Care to Learn. The mission of Care to Learn is to fund child health, hunger, and hygiene needs, and it currently serves twelve school districts and funds over 125,000 children in the Ozarks. Because of his extensive work in Africa, particularly the United Republic of Tanzania, Doug was named the Goodwill Ambassador to Tanzania in 2010 by the country’s president. In 2011, Doug was honored by the Starkey Hearing Foundation along with President Bill Clinton with their Humanitarian Leadership Award for all of his work in Africa and domestically with his Care To Learn organization. As if his list of humanitarian awards were not impressive enough, in 2011, Doug also became the first American to descend Mount Kilimanjaro (the highest mountain in Africa and the highest, free-standing mountain in the world) on a mountain bike.[1]
            Doug Pitt just might be the guy on whom the Mexican beer company Dos Equis has based their fictitious spokesperson, “The Most Interesting Man in the World.” So, why haven’t most of us heard of Doug Pitt? Well, I don’t think there’s any sort of conspiracy at work, because, you see, it might be just a bit difficult for Doug Pitt to become a household name with his brother Brad casting a pretty big shadow in the spotlight. See, Doug Pitt is the brother of one of the biggest movie stars (and, to be fair, equally philanthropic) of this generation, Brad Pitt. I imagine it’s hard for Doug to get any sort of traction in terms of fame when his brother is so easily recognizable (though I have a feeling Doug does just fine without all that recognition).
            I imagine it might be a little annoying being the less famous, but equally important sibling of a super star. You don’t get the kind of recognition, your story isn’t as widely told or known, and you likely don’t get stopped by strangers on the street asking for a picture and an autograph. And when it comes to stories of less famous siblings in Scripture, well we’ve certainly come to one this morning—the story of Ishmael.
            Most of us with any sort of relationship with the Bible likely know Ishmael’s younger, more famous, half-brother Isaac. Isaac is one of the patriarchs of the Hebrew Bible, the father of Jacob, the grandfather of the twelve tribes of Israel. Isaac was the first born son of Abraham AND Sarah; he was the fulfilment of God’s promise to Abraham. Isaac was also the one whom God called Abraham to sacrifice, a story so familiar to many Christians because we cannot help but see the foreshadowing of God’s sacrifice of his son Jesus. We know Isaac’s story because in many ways the following chapters of Genesis focus on Isaac’s story, because the rest of the Bible is an unwinding ribbon of the story of Isaac and God’s promise to him and his father.
            But Ishmael…well we just sort of forget him once Isaac comes along. After all, he’s not really the promised son of Abraham and Sarah. No, he is quite literally the bastardized version of God’s promise, a forced outcome brought on by the growing impatience of two, aging, childless people. He is the offspring of a likely unwilling slave-woman from Egypt (he’s not even a full-blooded Herbew!); he’s the result of a forced pregnancy, and he’s scorned by his father’s wife, the woman who should have acted like his mother and treated him as her own son. Ishmael is not a patriarch; he is not the kind of person the Hebrew Bible builds much of a narrative around, yet Ishmael and his mother Hagar may teach us more about the ways of God and how they are far higher than our own ways than possibly even the story of his more famous sibling.
            You see, the story we’ve read today in some ways could be called “the sacrifice of Ishmael,” for it parallels the familiar story of Abraham’s attempted sacrifice of Isaac. Abraham is told to cast out his son, Ishmael, along with the child’s mother, an act that will certainly lead to death, yet just before death comes, God intervenes and saves the child’s life. But what led us to this point? What brought us to this scene where a child and his mother are driven out into the wilderness, driven out into certain death? What is it that could lead to such a dire situation that a mother throws her child under a bush to die in the desert? What could possibly cause this called man of God, Abraham, to act so cruelly, heartlessly,  to perform such an act of injustice?
            In order to understand these actions, we need to go back to the beginning, back to when Abraham and Sarah took God’s plan into their own hands. Back in chapter fifteen of Genesis, God tells Abraham that he will give him an heir of his own seed and descendants like the stars in the sky. In the first verse of chapter sixteen, however, we are told that Sarai (Sarah), Abraham’s wife had borne no children for Abraham, so she devised a plan to have Abraham impregnate her Egyptian slave-girl, Hagar. Sarai says in verse 2 of chapter sixteen: “You see that the Lord has prevented me from bearing children; go in to my slave-girl; it may be that I shall obtain children by her."  Sarah had come up with her own plan for fulfilling God’s promise, and as you can imagine Abraham was all too willing to oblige his wife’s wishes. They were impatient. God had promised them something, and when it didn’t come to them in the time they wanted, they took matters into their own hands. This first act of impatience was the first step towards cruelty and injustice. In fact, it could be argued that Sarai’s plan was its own act of cruelty and injustice imposed on Hagar as she was forced to have relations with Abraham and bear his child for nine months.
            It was during those nine months of Hagar’s pregnancy that further steps were taken towards cruelty and injustice. We’re told in verses four through sixteen of chapter sixteen that Sarai becomes jealous of Hagar. She begins to regret her decision and treats Hagar harshly, so much so in fact that Hagar runs away into the wilderness where she is met by an angel of the Lord and told to return to her mistress and given a promise similar to that given to Abraham (it is a scene that foreshadows the one in our text from chapter twenty-one). We don’t hear much more from Hagar, but we are told in chapter seventeen and eighteen that God is still going to provide Abraham and Sarah with their own child, a promise seemingly so absurd that it makes Sarah laugh. She doubts that she and her husband will bear any children now that they were about to enter their second century of life. We can read, however, that Sarah and Abraham do indeed have a son in the first verses of chapter twenty-one, and when they do, Sarah once again decides she’s had enough of Hagar and Ishmael and tells Abraham to send them away into the wilderness. She couldn’t care less about their fate, for she had her promised son; she and Abraham now had what they wanted and the slave-girl and her son (notice Sarah doesn’t call them by name or mention Ishmael as Abraham’s son), well, they were unnecessary now.
            What led to this act of dehumanization, this act of cruelty, this injustice, are the same things that lead to such sinful treatment of others today: impatience, jealousy, disbelief, apathy, and selfishness. It was the impatience of Abraham and Sarah that led them to take matters into their own hands and force Hagar to bear a son form Abraham; they were not content with the Lord’s promise, but felt that they had to have what they were promised when they wanted it. Sarah’s jealousy of Hagar and her fertility led to the abuse and cruel treatment of the woman who had no part to play in the decision that led to her pregnancy. Sarah’s disbelief in the promise of God only fed her hurt, her anger at her apparent barrenness, so she looked on Hagar and her son with even greater contempt. Abraham, who might be misunderstood as some passive player in this Ancient Near Eastern soap opera, contributed more than his fair share to this injustice as he simply sat by and let it happen; his apathy towards Hagar and Ishmael was itself an act of cruelty, for Abraham the patriarch of the family in an overwhelmingly patriarchal culture could have simply said “no” to his wife’s desires and that would have been the end of it. Abraham could have rejected his wife’s plan to highjack the Most High’s promise; he could have protected Hagar in her pregnancy; he could have refused to turn them out into the wilderness to face their doom in the desert. But Abraham does none of this; he just lets it all happen. Because of their selfishness—selfishness to have things their way, in their time—Abraham and Sarah became perpetrators of cruelty and injustice to a mother and her child.
            That is the heart of injustice, to allow our selfishness, our desires, our impatience, our jealousy, our apathy, our ignorance to blind us to the humanity of others. Cruelty and injustice are not always things done out of hatred or actions of intentional malice; they can be those things we simply allow to happen because our comfort and our needs and desires might be jeopardized if we take a stand for what is right. But here is the good news: even in the midst of cruelty and injustice, even when those who are called by God decide to do nothing, even when it seems that oppression will have the victory and death is inevitable…God is there. God is there with the victims of cruelty and oppression. God is there with those who breathe the air of injustice. God is there with those who have been turned away, turned down, and turned over to death. Just as Scripture tells us that God was there in the desert with hopeless Hagar, hearing the cries of her hungry child, God is there with those millions of children in this country who go to bed hungry every night because there are those in this country too concerned with their own comfort to give a damn about them. Just as Scripture tells us that God was with that abandoned mother in the wilderness as she cried out, God is with those girls all across this world who have been thrown out of their homes or sold into the sex-slave trade because their families are ashamed by them or can’t afford to care for them. Just as God was with that mother who had no food for her child because she was thrown out for the comfort of others, God is with whose stand in unemployment lines because their company let them go so the CEO could still get a bonus this year.
            God is with all of those who are victims of cruelty and injustice. God is with those who fall through the cracks, those who are victims of a system designed to reward the rich and oppress the poor, those who are cut off and cast out because of their race, class, gender, or orientation. God is with those who don’t have clean water to drink, those who can’t read, those who live in the forgotten slums of this world, those who can’t rise up because someone else is keeping them tied down. God is with those who have been cast out and there is coming a day when God will lift them up! And here’s the thing: God’s calling us to help! God is calling us to break the cycles of cruelty and injustice, to not give in to the sins and temptations that trapped Sarah and Abraham. God is calling us to trust in the calling of God that leads through Christ and Calvary’s selfless cross; God is calling us to rid ourselves of jealousy and to look at our global neighbors with love, to see everyone as the sister or brother they are created in the image of God. God is calling us not to simply sit and do nothing while our neighbors across our community and across our world go hungry, are victims of cruelty, and suffer great injustices. God is calling us, in the words of Christ’s prayer in the gospels, to do God’s will, to bring God’s kingdom on earth as it is in heaven.
            May we learn this lesson from the sacrifice of Hagar and Ishmael. May we begin to be the people God calls us to be, people who will not stand for cruelty and injustice. May we be people who do the will of God by loving all of our neighbors, seeking to raise them up even though they may be cast out. May you hear the voice of God calling your name this day and respond in faith.
Amen.

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