Sunday, July 2, 2017

"Fear and Great Joy" (Resurrection/Easter Sunday)

Matthew 28:1-10
1 After the sabbath, as the first day of the week was dawning, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the tomb. 2 And suddenly there was a great earthquake; for an angel of the Lord, descending from heaven, came and rolled back the stone and sat on it. 3 His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow. 4 For fear of him the guards shook and became like dead men. 5 But the angel said to the women, "Do not be afraid; I know that you are looking for Jesus who was crucified. 6 He is not here; for he has been raised, as he said. Come, see the place where he lay. 7 Then go quickly and tell his disciples, "He has been raised from the dead, and indeed he is going ahead of you to Galilee; there you will see him.' This is my message for you." 8 So they left the tomb quickly with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples. 9 Suddenly Jesus met them and said, "Greetings!" And they came to him, took hold of his feet, and worshiped him. 10 Then Jesus said to them, "Do not be afraid; go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me."

            One early, fall afternoon, Sallie and I were taking a walk around the neighborhood where we lived, when we turned the corner onto a narrow street and came upon an elderly woman who appeared to be in some sort of distress. She was obviously delirious, perhaps she had forgotten to take her medication, and she was terribly distraught. I seem to remember her telling us that she had been locked out of her house and that the men who had locked her out had spray-painted her windows so she couldn’t see inside. I had my phone in my hand, ready to dial 911 in case we couldn’t find where this woman lived and hopefully a relative inside her house. As it turned out, she wasn’t far from her home at all, just in front of it in fact. She lived in the last home in a row of neat, brick townhouses, each with a hip-high brick fence around the front lawn. Sallie and I walked her through the little wrought iron gate in her front yard, down the short sidewalk, and up to the front door. I asked her one more time if this was her house—just to make sure before I rang the doorbell. I heard the sound of hurried footsteps inside. I saw a figure in the privacy glass of the front door as I heard the deadbolt turn and the doorknob twist. I was caught off guard when Harold answered the door.
            You see, Harold was a member of the church where I was the pastor, and as it turned out, this scared, confused woman was his wife. Harold invited us into his home, and as I walked through the front door, he began apologizing to me, saying that she “got out” and that she “has these sort of spells.” After assuring him there was nothing to worry about, and that we were glad she was alright, we sat in their tidy living room and visited for a good while. When Sallie and I got up to leave, we thanked them for welcoming us into their home, told Harold’s wife we were glad to have met her, and as Harold showed us to the door he was still apologizing for her actions, saying, “She hasn’t always been like this.”
            A few months later, I was standing with Harold next to a hole in the ground as his wife’s body was being lowered into it. I had visited with the two of them a few times since the day we came across her in the road. Her health faded quickly, and Harold’s wasn’t too far behind. I went to see him a few days after her funeral; he was in the hospital. I remember him telling me about his wife, about the things they used to do together, how, because they were not able to have children, they spent their time and money on each other and extended members of the family. And I remember Harold saying to me—right there from that hospital bed—“I just want things to go back to normal, back to the way they used to be.” I remember telling him words I would repeat at his funeral a few short weeks later, “We can’t ever really go back to what once was ‘normal.’ This is the new ‘normal.’” Isn’t it something: when life throws us a curve, when things aren’t the way we would want them, we just want things to go back to “normal?” But things can’t ever really go back, can they?
            Perhaps those first followers of Jesus had hoped things would just go back to normal after everything seemed to run off the rails. I can hear them, Peter and his brother, Andrew, talking about how things used to be. Peter might have said something to Andrew like, “Don’t you miss how it used to be? You know, back when things were simpler, when it was the two of us out on the lake in Dad’s boat, throwing the net out, hauling the fish in. You remember how the folks would wait for us on the shore and how thrilled everyone would be when we had a good catch? Don’t you wish we could just go back, back to before all of this ever started, back when we knew what we were doing, when the world made sense, and we didn’t have anything to be afraid of expect flipping the boat over or not catching anything?” I can hear them. I can hear them just wanting things to go back to normal…but things can’t ever really go back, can they?
            I can imagine Levi, the tax collector, thumbing through his contacts, trying to find the number for the tax assessor’s office, hoping he could get his old job back, wishing he could just pretend all of this never happened and he could pick right up where he left off. Why, I can imagine Simon the Zealot, wondering to himself if it wasn’t too late to rejoin the movement, to join with the other zealots longing to overthrow the Roman oppressors. I can see him mulling over the possibilities, going over the scenarios in his head of how he might find his way back to normal...do things ever really go back to “normal” though?
            Maybe normal was a bit different for some of the other disciples. Perhaps for Philip and Bartholomew, they just wanted things to go back to the way they were before Thursday, when Jesus was still drawing a crowd, when he was a healer, a prophet, a wildly popular teacher, and worker of miracles. Perhaps there were some among the disciples who wanted things to go back to the way they were when Jesus was just an itinerate preacher, one who said some radical things, but hadn’t taken them to their ultimate conclusion. If things could just go back there, back before it all got out of hand, back before Jesus got himself in all that trouble, back before they had to lay low in fear for their own lives—if things could just go back to safe, reliable, “normal”…can they go back?
            Of course, for a few of Jesus’ followers, the desire to go back to normal was about more than their own safety or a wish for steadier times. We Protestants tend to overlook the reality that Mary—his own mother—was among his disciples. I can’t imagine what pain and terrible grief she must have been experiencing in the night Friday, on through Saturday, and into the dim hours of Sunday morning. Perhaps she left the tomb Friday night, made it home in time for the Sabbath, and after supper, in the restless hours of the night, she pulled a photo album from the shelf. There’s a picture of her husband Joseph, the one who had stayed with her despite her questionable pregnancy, the one who raised Jesus as if he was his own: he’s been gone for a while now. There’s a note tucked in the pages where the memories of Jesus’ early days are kept; the note says, “Enjoy the frankincense and myrrh. Don’t let him spend the all the gold in one place,” and it’s signed “From the Magi.” Maybe Mary gazed at the pictures of Jesus growing up, pictures of him playing with his cousin John, his brothers and sisters, pictures of him working alongside Joseph as he learned his trade, and pictures of Mary holding him as a baby, pictures of Jesus nearly holding her as he had grown to be a man. I can’t help but believe that Mary wanted things to go back to normal too, back to when her son was her son and she didn’t have to share him with the world, back when he was hers, when he was growing and learning and it seemed he’d never grow up into the promise spoken to her by the angel all those years ago. I can’t help but believe that Mary just wanted things to go back to the way they had been, to the way they used to be…but they can’t go back. They can never go back.
            Matthew tells us of two other disciples—two other Marys—who find themselves on the way to Jesus’ tomb in the early hours of the first day of the week, after the Sabbath, in the pre-dawn hours of Sunday morning. Matthew says they went to see the tomb. Notice, he doesn’t mention anything about them buying spices (along with Salome) to anoint Jesus’ body; there’s no conversation about who will roll away the stone (those things appear in Mark’s telling, yet they are absent in Matthew’s account). No, Matthew simply says the went to see the tomb. Now, while many commentators say this is a continued emphasis from Matthew around the notion of seeing, I think there may also be something else involved. Sure, Matthew may be calling our attention to what we should be seeing, but I think that these two Marys are doing what so many of us do from time to time.
            Every once in a while, on your way home from work, you take that short little detour. You turn onto the narrow drive, park your car, and then walk through the field of headstones looking for a name—his name, her name. You stop by the grave, maybe kneel down to brush away the dry leaves and grass clippings, and you just stop for a moment. There are the dates: “Born___Died___,” words like “Beloved Father…Loving Mother…Dearest Friend.” You stop just to see the grave, to visit where they buried the body of your wife, your husband, your mother, your son—you stop just to see it because every once in a while you need to feel like they’re still close by, like you can still talk to them, like they’re sitting right there to tell you what you need to hear one more time. Maybe that’s why the two Marys simply went to see the tomb: they weren’t expecting Jesus to be there, alive again. Perhaps they wanted to just see where they laid him one more time, to remember how it used to be one more time, to reminisce just one more time the way it was when he was still there, because it’s those times when we wish the most that things could just go back to normal, back to the way they used to be…but if Easter morning teaches us anything, it’s that we can’t ever really go back, that this life of faith is a life lived in an ever-forward fashion.  
            Can I tell you something, though? The truth of Easter, the truth that things can’t ever go back, that this life of faith is lived in an ever-forward direction, it’s troubling. It unsettles so many of us, especially in a day when so many long to go backwards, back to times colored by our selective memories in a rosy tint. It’s troubling to think that the wheels of time only go forward, that things won’t ever go back to the way they once were, that we’ll never have it like we once had it, that things change, that things will always change. It’s so troubling to some folks that they’ll do whatever they can to try to stem the momentum of history, to assuage the ever-advancing march of time. Why is it so troubling to us? Why do we long so often to go back, when the call of Christ and the inevitability of God’s kingdom call us forward? Isn’t it obvious? We long to go back for the same reason the first words to the Marys from both the angel and Jesus are “Do not be afraid.” The truth of Easter, the ever-onward call of the resurrected Christ, can be frightening.
            It’s frightening because it’s a call to trust a God we can’t see to lead us to a place we’ve never been, most likely with people we’ve never met. The reality of Easter can be frightening as it calls us outside of those familiar spaces where we are comfortable, in control, places where we know the lay of the land and feel we’ve got it all figured out. The ever-onward call of Christ is frightening perhaps most of all because it requires trust—trust in the one who calls us out into the unknown, into uncertainty, into a world that may not always have our best interests in mind, to people who may not like us (or in fact, hate us). It requires faith, faith to stare death in the face, trusting that it will not have the final word. That’s frightening. That’s why the first words from the risen Christ on that first Easter morning are “Do not fear.”
            The truth of Easter, however, isn’t only a source of uncertainty and fear. No, thanks be to God it is a source of joy! After all, doesn’t Matthew tell us that after the women heard the news from the angel about Christ’s resurrection that “they left the tomb quickly with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples” ? Did you catch that? Fear AND great joy! How can two seemingly contradicting emotions take place in the same heart in the same moment? How can someone possibly be filled with “great joy” at the news that things won’t be the same, that things will never go back to normal, that things won’t return to the way they once were? How?! By faith; that’s how.
            Yes, the women were overcome with fear at the news—the reality—that Jesus had been raised from the dead, and yes, some of that fear is grounded in the notion that things won’t ever go back to the safe, predictable, certainty of so-called “normal,” but there is joy to be found in the truth that this same resurrected Christ, this same savior who calls us ever on, this same God who raised Jesus out of the grave has done so with the promise that the best is still yet to come! The truth of Easter is that Christ calls us always forward because there is always more to show us, more to give us, more to which we are called. The truth of Easter is that we should never want to go back, because what God has instore for us will always—ALWAYS—be better than anything we’ve experienced.
            The truth of Easter is that there’s no going back to normal, because God calls us to a higher way, above whatever we may label as “normal.” The truth of Easter is that there’s no going back to the “good old days,” because Christ is calling us ever on to better days, even beyond the reach of death itself! The truth of Easter is frightening as it calls us out of our places of comfort, out of our certainties, out from whatever tombs of complacency we have carved for ourselves, yet the truth of Easter is full of joy, for while it calls us out of our comfort, control, and certainty, it raises us to a new life of abundant joy and possibility with Christ! The truth of Easter may lead through death and a grave, but friends it leads through them! The ever-forward call of Christ does not end with death, and it does not end with this one day. It is an eternal call, a call that we follow even through death and on into resurrection. It is a call that fills us with fear and great joy. It is a call that Christ puts forth to you today. Will you answer? Will you seek to follow that ever-forward call of the resurrected Christ, or will you needlessly cling to the false hope that one day it’ll all go back to normal? Amen.

Wednesday, April 12, 2017

"Life where there once was Death" (Fifth Sunday in Lent)

John 11:1-45
1 Now a certain man was ill, Lazarus of Bethany, the village of Mary and her sister Martha. 2 Mary was the one who anointed the Lord with perfume and wiped his feet with her hair; her brother Lazarus was ill. 3 So the sisters sent a message to Jesus, "Lord, he whom you love is ill." 4 But when Jesus heard it, he said, "This illness does not lead to death; rather it is for God's glory, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it." 5 Accordingly, though Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus, 6 after having heard that Lazarus was ill, he stayed two days longer in the place where he was. 7 Then after this he said to the disciples, "Let us go to Judea again." 8 The disciples said to him, "Rabbi, the Jews were just now trying to stone you, and are you going there again?" 9 Jesus answered, "Are there not twelve hours of daylight? Those who walk during the day do not stumble, because they see the light of this world. 10 But those who walk at night stumble, because the light is not in them." 11 After saying this, he told them, "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I am going there to awaken him." 12 The disciples said to him, "Lord, if he has fallen asleep, he will be all right." 13 Jesus, however, had been speaking about his death, but they thought that he was referring merely to sleep. 14 Then Jesus told them plainly, "Lazarus is dead. 15 For your sake I am glad I was not there, so that you may believe. But let us go to him." 16 Thomas, who was called the Twin, said to his fellow disciples, "Let us also go, that we may die with him." 17 When Jesus arrived, he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb four days. 18 Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, some two miles away, 19 and many of the Jews had come to Martha and Mary to console them about their brother. 20 When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went and met him, while Mary stayed at home. 21 Martha said to Jesus, "Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died. 22 But even now I know that God will give you whatever you ask of him." 23 Jesus said to her, "Your brother will rise again." 24 Martha said to him, "I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day." 25 Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. Those who believe in me, even though they die, will live, 26 and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?" 27 She said to him, "Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Messiah, the Son of God, the one coming into the world." 28 When she had said this, she went back and called her sister Mary, and told her privately, "The Teacher is here and is calling for you." 29 And when she heard it, she got up quickly and went to him. 30 Now Jesus had not yet come to the village, but was still at the place where Martha had met him. 31 The Jews who were with her in the house, consoling her, saw Mary get up quickly and go out. They followed her because they thought that she was going to the tomb to weep there. 32 When Mary came where Jesus was and saw him, she knelt at his feet and said to him, "Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died." 33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who came with her also weeping, he was greatly disturbed in spirit and deeply moved. 34 He said, "Where have you laid him?" They said to him, "Lord, come and see." 35 Jesus began to weep. 36 So the Jews said, "See how he loved him!" 37 But some of them said, "Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man have kept this man from dying?" 38 Then Jesus, again greatly disturbed, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone was lying against it. 39 Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, "Lord, already there is a stench because he has been dead four days." 40 Jesus said to her, "Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God?" 41 So they took away the stone. And Jesus looked upward and said, "Father, I thank you for having heard me. 42 I knew that you always hear me, but I have said this for the sake of the crowd standing here, so that they may believe that you sent me." 43 When he had said this, he cried with a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out!" 44 The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with strips of cloth, and his face wrapped in a cloth. Jesus said to them, "Unbind him, and let him go." 45 Many of the Jews therefore, who had come with Mary and had seen what Jesus did, believed in him.

            This story is the hinge upon which the entire narrative of the fourth gospel swings. It is a story rich in Easter allusions, not-so-subtle winks at Jesus’ own death, burial, and resurrection. It is this very event which causes the high priest Caiaphas and the rest of the religious establishment to decide to put Jesus to death (it says so just beyond our text in verse 53: “So from that day on they planned to put him to death”). It is a story that shows us the power of Christ, the power to resuscitate a man who had been four-days-dead and sealed in a rock-hewn tomb. I suppose some would argue it’s the most powerful of all of Jesus’ signs; it tops healing the sick, restoring site to the blind, causing the lame to leap, and even feeding more than five thousand people with a handful of fish and bread.
It’s a story that captures our imaginations as we visualize Jesus standing before the cavernous tomb, the smell of death hissing from the behind the stone as its rolled away, breaking the seal between the deceased and the living. We see him standing there like the great concrete statues strewn about cemeteries: strong, determined, yet with a calmness that can hold back the cosmic power of the Creator of the universe. He calls out Lazarus by name and we can swear the very onion-skin pages of our Bibles flutter at the power in his voice. Then, almost comically, wrapped in strips of cloth, with a handkerchief over his face, out hops Lazarus—the one who had been dead, but is now alive. Why, we may even pause to marvel for a moment at the evangelistic outcome of verse 45: “Many of the Jews, therefore, who had come with Mary and had seen what Jesus did, believed in him.” We may pause there to ponder over the persuasive power of Jesus’ reviving of Lazarus. This is no doubt one of the most memorable and captivating stories in all of Scripture, but I have to tell you, it captures my attention in a different way this morning.
You see, while it is easy to get swept up in the resolution of this story, to focus one’s attention on the powerful outcome of Christ’s presence at the tomb of his beloved friend Lazarus, I’m more than just a bit…distracted by the beginning of the story. It’s almost like an itch you try to ignore, hoping it’ll just go away, but eventually you just have to scratch it. You see, I can’t help but wonder: why did Jesus “stay two days longer in the place where he was” after getting word from Mary and Martha that “the one whom he loved was ill”? Seriously. Now, I know—I know—some folks will say, “Well, Chris, Jesus knew Lazarus would die, and he knew he was going to raise him from the dead, so Jesus just hung out a little while as a part of God’s plan and then went on to Bethany.” I suppose there’s room for that argument, but if I’m honest, it’s sounds a little too much like those easy one-liners some preachers give at funerals, those sort of theologically-veneered words that only attempt to speak to the spiritual complexity of the moment: “God needed another angel in his heavenly choir, so he called your boy home…God’s ways are higher than ours…(and I swear a friend of mine told me he heard a preacher say this at the funeral of a little child) God needed another flower in his garden, so he picked yours.” I suppose there’s room in the text to say that Jesus tarried two days more because it was part of his plan (perhaps verse four suggests such a position), but if I’m honest with you, that just doesn’t sit well with me and what I believe about Jesus.
It just doesn’t seem right that Jesus would let his beloved friend die, that he would allow Mary and Martha to go through the pain of losing their brother, that he would stay in the place where he was long enough for the family to gather, for the mourners to come around, for the tomb to be opened, for the body to be prepared, for the funeral to be held, for the casseroles to be dropped off, the jugs of sweet tea and baskets of fried chicken to be left on Martha and Mary’s counters, for the stone to be rolled back over the entrance of the tomb, and the body of Lazarus left to decay. It just doesn’t seem right.
I’d like to think that if it had been me it would have gone differently, because, friends, I’m telling you right now, if Denise and Charis (my best friend John’s two sisters) sent word to me that my best friend was ill, lying in the ICU, and didn’t have long to make it, I believe I’d be in the truck heading south! Sure, there’s the Lord’s work to do, but isn’t that part of it too? I’d bet most of you in this room would do the same of you got such a call. I tell you, it just doesn’t seem right to me—especially given all the trouble the fourth gospel goes through to tell us how much Jesus loves Lazarus. It just seems like he would have headed on down to Bethany as soon as he got word: “Lord, the one whom you love is ill,” to which Jesus would’ve answered, “Alright boys, pack it up; we’re heading back to Bethany; Lazarus isn’t doing well and I’m going to go heal him.” After all, wouldn’t healing his sick friend have been a powerful sign too, one he had done before, one he knew he was capable of doing? Wouldn’t healing Lazarus avoided the broken hearts of two sisters, family and friends? I’m telling you, it catches me every time I read this story, but I think another verse in this text may shed some light on this quandary.
In many English translations it’s the shortest verse in the whole Bible, John 11:35, “Jesus wept.” The New Revised Standard Version captures the proper conjugation a bit better: “Jesus began to weep.” It’s interesting to me what causes Jesus to begin weeping. In verse 32 it says, “When Mary came where Jesus was and saw him, she knelt at his feet and said to him, 'Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died." It’s important to notice these are the same words Martha uses in verse 21, after which, Jesus gives Martha a compact lesson on eternal life and resurrection, offering her one of the “I am” statements laced throughout the fourth gospel. The story goes on to say in verses 33-34: “When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who came with her also weeping, he was greatly disturbed in spirit and deeply moved. He said, ‘Where have you laid him?’ They said to him, ‘Lord, come and see.’"
It’s that phrase—uttered just before we’re told Jesus began to weep—“come and see,” that is filled with more meaning that we may first realize. In three other places in the fourth gospel that exact phrase is used: Jesus speaks these words when we calls Andrew and Peter in 1:39; Philip speaks them when he calls Nathaniel to join him in following Jesus in 1:46; and the Samaritan woman at the well speaks these exact words in 4:29 when speaking to the people in her village about Jesus. In every case (including the one before us when the weeping mourners respond to Jesus), these are words of invitation, words that invite one to draw closer into the life of God’s kingdom, to witness the inbreaking reality of God. It’s at the speaking of these words that Jesus begins to weep, and I think it may be because they are words that have triggered something deep within our Lord, the emotional straw that broke the camel’s back. These were the words used to call people into the kingdom, perhaps words Jesus had used to call Lazarus, and now they were being spoken to him. And maybe, just maybe, those words—those three words—released in Jesus what he had been holding on to since he got word from Martha and Mary at least four days before.
I don’t really have to imagine what that’s like. I don’t have to imagine, because I’ve been there. I remember when I got the message. It was almost eight years ago. I was sitting in my office, getting somewhat settled for the day, when my cell phone rang. It was my dad—Dad doesn’t call me, or anyone, really, for that matter. When I answered the phone, I heard my dad say on the other end, “Son, your grandma ain’t doing too good. It won’t be long now. Just wanted to let you know and ask if you’d do the funeral.” I hadn’t really done a funeral at that point in my time as a pastor—I had been to a few, but hadn’t actually put one together, but I told my dad I would because I couldn’t imagine who else would and I didn’t want some preacher who didn’t know my grandma trying to preach her into hell and everybody else into heaven. Dad told me they weren’t sure how long Grandma would hold out, but it could be a week or two. It wasn’t—it was a day or two.
The next phone call came, and I packed a suit, a white shirt, black shoes, and a tie along with my black leather bible, and Sallie and I drove down to Enterprise. Looking back, I wasn’t really upset; I was fine. I mean, I went to my home church and talked to people like nothing bad had happened. Showed up at the visitation, and there was my dad, my two aunts, and my uncle standing by this rather showy casket that I was sure one of my aunts or uncles picked out, because there was no one Grandma or Dad did. I was fine. I shook hands with people who knew me even though I didn’t know them, saw people I hadn’t seen in years—maybe decades, was hugged by total strangers and people I had known my whole life. Still, I was fine. I saw Grandma in that box wearing a dress (I didn’t know she still owned one; most of my life she wore jeans, t-shirts and flannel shirts, and if she wore shoes they were black rubber boots or old, worn-out white tennis shoes); her hair was fixed, and she was wearing makeup—I was quite sure she didn’t know what makeup was. I remember too, her glasses were clean: Grandma’s glasses were never clean. I saw her in that box, but still, I was fine.
The next day came, and I put on my suit, my white shirt, tie, black shoes, and I carried my bible and the five by seven note cards I had scratched the service down on. I was fine. I arrived at the funeral home the hour before with the rest of the family; there was time for more awkward handshakes and hugs, more introductions of people who knew me without me knowing them, more time to look at Grandma in that box, but still, I was fine. Eventually, the funeral director asked all the friends to have a seat in the chapel; he pulled the stiff, accordion divider closed, and shut the doors leading into the parlor. He told us we’d have a few more minutes with Grandma before the service. A few of my folks stepped out the side door to burn one more cigarette before the service (I suspect they thought I might be long-winded), while the rest just sort of mumbled to each other or counted the threads in the carpet. I was fine though.
After a few minutes passed, the funeral director walked back in and gave a few instructions about the service, and then he said, “Before we go out, I’m going to ask the minister to offer a word of prayer.” I was the only one looking around; I forgot I was the minister! I was fine.  A prayer is easy. I did the same thing I have done countless times before and since: I took a half step forward, looked around the room and said, “Let us pray.” In that moment, I saw people I know hadn’t darkened the door of a church in decades, folks who drank, cussed, smoked, ran around, lied, cheated, and stole, folks who were decent enough, but likely wouldn’t make anyone’s list of “outstanding citizens” bow their heads and close their eyes like it was something they did every day after lunch. I said, “Let us pray,” and the next word out of my mouth was “God…”
That was it. Turns out, I wasn’t fine after all. My throat closed up, my jaw felt like it was going to shake loose from my head, my eyes were burning and heavy. I tried to say more, but I couldn’t. All I could say was “God…” I had put off the inevitable for as long as I could. I had resisted the urge to mourn believing there was something more important, some task that needed tending to first, but I couldn’t hold it back any longer. That word broke the emotional levy, and in that room, in that moment, there were no easy one-liners that could console me, no bumper-sticker religion that was going to make me feel better. No, in that moment I needed the kind of faith that made it ok to weep, the kind of faith that made it alright to mourn, the kind of faith that recognizes the reality of pain and grief that comes with life and death. I need that kind of faith, and I believe we all need that kind of faith.

Because when the time comes, the quaint sayings we offer to others won’t be enough to sustain us. We need a faith that tells us it’s ok to be overwhelmed, that the weight of the world is impossible to carry alone, that when our hearts break and our minds are troubled, we have a God in Christ who has been there too and will go there with us time and time again, because he’s never going to leave, never going to give up on us, and never means even beyond death itself! That’s the kind of faith we need, and thanks be to God that is the kind of faith we have! That’s the kind of savior we have in Christ Jesus, whose heart breaks when our hearts are broken, whose mind is troubled when our minds cannot be still, whose eyes weep when we can’t hold back the tears anymore. That’s the kind of savior we have, the kind of God we have in Jesus, one who doesn’t dismiss our distress as a lack of faith, but is always there, calling us back, reminding us in winks and whispers that death does not have the last word, that a grave is only a temporary plot, that there will always be life where there once was death. Amen. 

"Blessing not Curses" (Second Sunday in Lent)

Genesis 12:1-4a
1 Now the Lord said to Abram, "Go from your country and your kindred and your father's house to the land that I will show you. 2 I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed." 4 So Abram went, as the Lord had told him; and Lot went with him.

            To read the story of God and God’s people in Scripture is to read a story with a rocky beginning. Oh sure, it sounds lovely and mesmerizingly mysterious in those first two chapters, with God speaking the universe into existence or getting God’s anthropomorphic hands dirty in the act of shaping human beings from dust and rib bones. A lot of ink rests on a lot of pages in a lot of books about those two chapters to be sure, but it doesn’t take long—not long at all—before the story starts to go off the rails.
            In the first verses of chapter three the story takes a dark, more dramatic turn. The woman the Lord has created has a theological debate with a snake that winds up with her and her man eating fruit which had been forbidden by the Lord. Their eyes are opened; they see their nakedness; they cover themselves up and hide—they hide from God. It’s the very moment in the story of God and God’s people where the needle scratches on the record, where the tires screech, where sin slips so seductively out of the shadow of human will and into the light of day. What’s the result of this crack in creation? What is the sum of sin’s arrival into Eden’s perfection? Expulsion…punishment…curses. The man and woman (along with the snake) are cursed by God in chapter 3, verses 14-19:
The Lord God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you among all animals and among all wild creatures; upon your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life. I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will strike your head, and you will strike his heel." To the woman he said, "I will greatly increase your pangs in childbearing; in pain you shall bring forth children, yet your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you." And to the man he said, "Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten of the tree about which I commanded you, "You shall not eat of it,' cursed is the ground because of you; in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life; thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you; and you shall eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken; you are dust, and to dust you shall return."

            With the arrival of sin in God’s garden came death and punishment and curses. One might think that such a dramatic turn of events over the consumption of fruit would have some lasting effect on the man and the woman, such an effect that might cause them to remember the Lord’s anger and teach their offspring the right way. We don’t even have to turn the page, however, to see that such a lesson is not so easily transmitted to the next generation, for in Chapter four of Genesis murder makes its way through the cracked door left ajar by that first sin. Cain, in his jealousy, kills his brother Able. And what is God’s response? Curses: “And now you are cursed from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand. When you till the ground, it will no longer yield to you its strength; you will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth."[1]
            I’m afraid it doesn’t look much better from here, for after a chapter of genealogy in chapter five, we’re told in chapter six that “The Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind was great in the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts was only evil continually. And the Lord was sorry that he had made humankind on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart.”[2] We’re not even into double-digit page numbers and already God is sorry to have ever even fooled with the idea of creation. God’s had it to the back teeth with the sin and wickedness in the world, the way things seem to have spun out of control and away from what was perhaps a higher plan. So God set out with a plan, a “reset” on the world; God was going to punish sin and ultimately curse those responsible for it in one, grand, final way—God was going to drown them all! Well, all of them except Noah and his family.
            Yet even after building an arc and surviving a devastating flood, after witnessing firsthand the enormity of God’s power and desire to rid the world of wickedness, after covenanting with God God’s self, Noah puts things back in the gutter before the puddles are even dry! Noah plants a vineyard, gets drunk on his own wine, and after passing out naked, something happens that causes Noah to curse his own grandson.[3] It seems humankind can’t shake this whole cursing and punishment thing because even in chapter eleven, all the peoples of the world (having obviously not learned anything from Adam and Eve, or Cain, or the flood) decide to come together to build a tower in another attempt to reach some god-like status. When the Lord catches wind of their scheme, however, God scatters them across the land and confuses their language—a punishment meant to keep the people from ever attempting such a feat again. [I’m not sure what page your Bible is on by now, but I’m barely on page ten!]
            This whole punishment/curse way of existence seems to have imprinted itself in the foundational sequences of our human DNA. At the first inclination of wrongdoing, many of us are quick to call for punishment, for the proper sentence to be handed down. We seem to be hard-wired with this retaliatory response, with lightning-quick defense mechanisms that allow us to return blow for blow and curse for curse. Why we even seem to celebrate this way of existence by rejoicing in the news of the failure of our foes and what we believe to be their “just deserts.” Punishment and curses seem natural to us: after all, what would the world be without such things to set the sinners straight? Do such things really set sinners straight?
I wonder if perhaps such a thought had occurred to God. You see, for the first eleven chapters of Genesis, God is pretty handy with the “punishment/curse” way of governing creation. However, no matter how many times God curses or punishes, humankind still slinks back into sin; we still find a way to conveniently forget the lessons of our own history. I mean, even a flood that kills EVERYTHING doesn’t do it! I wonder if perhaps God decided to shift the approach of control over creation, or if maybe God had another way in mind all along…
By the time we arrive at the part of God’s story in the text before us this morning, we’ve been through the cycle of curses and punishment enough times to see the pattern. You get the sense that God may be a bit tired of fooling with us fractured folks, that maybe God is ready to throw in the towel and let us run creation into the ground, take care of the destruction ourselves. We might be tempted to come to such a conclusion, but that is before we really read these three and a half verses before us (listen to it again):  “Now the Lord said to Abram, ‘Go from your country and your kindred and your father's house to the land that I will show you. I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed." So Abram went, as the Lord had told him.”
            Notice anything different? This isn’t the Eden imperative, a restriction followed by a threat. This isn’t the Lord who curses the ground should Abram fail to comply. No, this doesn’t even seem to be the same God who was sorry to have made humankind in the first place. In fact, there’s no mention of what would happen if Abram didn’t go “as the Lord had told him.” No punishment. No curse. What is there then? BLESSING! Blessing: for the first time in the story of God and God’s people we hear that word. After generations of punishment and curses—blessing. It’s almost as if God was through trying it the old-fashioned way and took creation in a new direction, one where curses only come to those who curse the ones who have been charged with doing the blessing, one where people are not threatened with punishment and curses from the angry Almighty, but where they are promised blessings from the God who calls on human agents to carry out such blessings.
            Sure, it may be a bit messier this way. After all, we’re still cracked creatures, broken vessels who seem to spend more time searching for our own blessings than we do bearing blessing for others, but still, it seems to be the way God has ordered things, especially in the light of the text before us. It’s blessings, not curses. It’s a promise for the future, a promise that is only truly fulfilled in the unseen future, which means it is a promise bigger than Abram himself, a God-sized promise. It’s the kind of promise, the kind of blessings, that can only truly come from God, even if they may come by way of human agents. In these three and a half verses, God has shifted the entire course of creation, changed the trajectory of the story by abandoning a method of threatening commands laced with curses for the way of blessing. God has focused on a way of blessing that is about action, trust, faith, and the promise of things yet to be seen.
            Isn’t that really what this season is about too? Aren’t we reminded, as we draw closer to the cross, closer to Holy Week, closer to Easter’s empty tomb, that God has made a way through blessing, a way towards life, a way of hope in the promise of those things yet to be seen? Is not one of the predominant lessons of this season that the cruel curses of punishment and death, manifested in Christ’s execution on the cross, are overcome by the power of Christ’s resurrection? It seems to me that this may have been God’s way from the begging—at least the beginning with Abram. It seems to me that we human beings seek to right the wrongs of this world, the wrongs committed against us and our kin, by enforcing punishments we feel fit the crimes or by cursing those who dare step a toe out of line with our definition of what is right. Of course, the truth is as long as we have done this it has never really solved anything. Punishment and curses have not rid the world of wickedness—it didn’t with God’s flood, why should it with our feeble attempts? Punishment and curses have not healed broken relationships or fully restored or rehabilitated those who have gone astray—it certainly didn’t seem to work with Cain’s descendants. As one scholar puts it in addressing this text: “In short, curse and punishment have solved nothing.”[4]
So it’s no surprise to me that God changes tracks in the story with Abram, a track that leads all the way through Canaan, through Egypt, on into the wilderness, through wars, wicked and selfish kings, through division, through exile and dispersion, through occupation and oppression, through a virgin womb and a feedbox baby bed, through the calling of fumbling disciples and the misunderstanding of miracles, through the provoking power of parables and scandalous encounters with those who are unclean, through betrayal, arrest, abandonment, accusation, assault, and even death. No, it’s no surprise to me that God changes tracks with Abram, that God moves from a God of curse and punishment to a God of promise and blessings. It’s no surprise to me, for that is the God I see—the God I know—in Christ Jesus! That is the God I see when I am tempted to believe in a dark world filled with anger, hatred, and ignorance, yet I hear joy in the laughter of a child and witness love in the interaction between strangers. That is the God I see when I am tempted to think the worst of everything, yet God reminds me that I am a part of bringing about the best of everything. That is the God I see when I look upon a cross meant to curse and see a promise and a blessing that fills the world with hope! Amen.




[1] Genesis 4:11-12.
[2] Genesis 6:5-6.
[3] Genesis 9:21-27. The passage simply says “Ham…saw the nakedness of his father,” which could be a reference to something sexual and incestuous, or it may refer more to the shame of Noah in his nakedness being broadcast as Ham “tells his brothers.” (NIB, Vol. 1, p.404.).
[4] Niedner, Frederick. "Second Sunday in Lent: Genesis 12:1-4a (Theological Perspective)." In Feasting on the Word: Year A, Volume 2 (Lent through Eastertide), edited by David L. Bartlett, & Barbara Brown Taylor. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press, 2010 (p52).

Saturday, February 4, 2017

#Blessed (Fourth Sunday after Epiphany)

Matthew 5:1-12
1 When Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain; and after he sat down, his disciples came to him. 2 Then he began to speak, and taught them, saying: 3 "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 4 "Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. 5 "Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. 6 "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled. 7 "Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy. 8 "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. 9 "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. 10 "Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 11 "Blessed are you when people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. 12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

            When I was a kid we called it a number sign. The automated voice on the other end of the phone when I call about my car insurance, bank account, or student loan balance calls it a pound sign (“Please enter your account number followed by the pound sign”). I always thought it looked like a blank, slightly slanted game of tic-tac-toe. These days, however, folks around the world know that little symbol comprised of two, vertical, parallel lines interesting with two, horizontal, parallel lines as a hashtag. It’s a symbol used across social media platforms to categorize posts, tweets, and pictures, a sort of digital shorthand that labels such posts and even makes it easier to search for others who have used the same hashtag.
            For example, the Super Bowl is next weekend and a lot of Atlanta Falcons fans have taken to using the hashtag #riseup (all one word). So, if I wanted to see what Atlanta Falcons fans are talking about on social media, all I’d have to do is search for #riseup, and I’d be able to see the thousands of posts on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram (I’m sure there are others even I’m too old to know about!). Or let’s say I wanted to know what was going on during the Specialty Equipment Market Association show in Las Vegas, all I’d have to do is search for #SEMA and I’d get pictures of the latest aftermarket performance parts, videos of new specialty vehicles from Chevrolet, Dodge, or Ford, stats about new high performance hybrids, and more from people who are actually there, sometimes live.
            I’ve found this little symbol to be useful too in trying to discern how large groups of people see certain subjects. I’ve found that if I want to know how many people understand a particular matter, all I have to do is search for a hashtag and there before me are thousands of filed opinions, posts, blogs, pictures, and articles all with some connection to how folks understand the subject at hand. I’ll give you an example: if you were to go on Instagram (a picture sharing, social media platform) and search for #blessed you might find the results rather interesting. I did. Of the over 66.2 million posts a large number of them are selfies (think “self-portraits”) of folks wearing new clothes or heading to job interviews or getting new braces or getting their braces off. There are countless pictures of new cars, homes, or jewelry. And so many pictures of food! If people like to share with the world pictures of anything, it’s what they had for lunch. Then there are all the pictures of palm trees, painted toenails in the sand, and people lazily lounging on some beach in some exotic location. Every last picture tagged #blessed.
            I can’t help but wonder though…is that what it means? Is that what it means to be #blessed, to have new designer jeans, a new sports car, to have eaten the best omelet on the planet? Are expensive, exotic vacations really signs of divine favor and the outpouring of God’s blessings? I can’t help but wonder, especially in light of Jesus’ words before us this morning—words many of us have no doubt heard more than once in our lives. They’re words, well, they’re words that almost read like a Twitter feed. Maybe that’s how Jesus would have delivered the Sermon on the Mount if he were beginning his ministry today.
            I can see it now: Matthew would tell us, Jesus saw the crowds, he went up the mountain; and after he sat down, his disciples came to him, and Jesus pulled his iPhone from his pocket and began to teach them tweeting:  “The poor in spirit, theirs is the kingdom of heaven. #blessed.” Maybe he’d even attach a picture, that iconic photo from Dorothea Lange of the “Migrant Mother,” a poor victim of the Dust Bowl who moved to California with her seven children to pick peas in hopes of having enough to eat, her tattered clothes, and furrowed brow showing a rough thirty-two years as she flanked by two of her exhausted, hungry children.[1]
A second tweet: “Those who mourn will be comforted. #blessed.” Maybe this time Jesus shares a link to the obituaries page of a local newspaper, highlighting one of the over 33,000 gun-related deaths in this country every year.[2] A third tweet: attached is the video of Omran Daqneesh, the five year old Syrian boy pulled from the rubble of a bombed building and placed in the back of an ambulance. Disoriented and perhaps too used to such horror at the age of five, Daqneesh (covered with dust) quietly looks around and places a hand on the sticky red wound on the side of his head: “The meek shall inherit the earth. #blessed.”
Perhaps Jesus would change up platforms, diversify his outreach strategy and take to Facebook. There, he might share pictures from this past Friday, images of young families, senior adults, single mothers, and disabled, middle-aged men lining up in our back parking lot to receive a box of food and bag of produce. Or maybe he’d share a link to the Feeding America website, where one would find statistics like “42.2 million Americans lived in food insecure households, including 29.1 million adults and 13.1 million children [emphasis added]” in 2015.[3] Perhaps he’d share such pictures and statistics along with the words “Those who hunger and thirst will be filled. #blessed.”
Of course, sometimes one may choose to post something quite opposite of the point one is making in order to emphasize the point itself. For example, Jesus might have posted something like an image of the millions of refugees huddled in camps like those in Greece and a link to a news story on the most recent ban on such refugees from entering the United States, and then post, “The merciful will receive mercy. #blessed.” Or he might share a picture of someone like Martin Shkreli, the CEO of the company Turing which acquired the rights to the drug Daraprim—“a sole-source medication for toxoplasmosis, that has been in circulation since 1953 and is used frequently by patients with compromised immune systems.”[4] When Shkreli’s company acquired the rights to this drug, he promptly raised the cost from $13.50 per pill to $750 per pill (that’s a 5,000% increase). He stood to make a fortune from those who desperately needed this medication, and he truly didn’t care about the effects of such a dramatic increase. Maybe Jesus might share that story, then remind us all, “The pure in heart will see God. #blessed.”
Then, perhaps Jesus would take to Instagram to post a collage of the crumbling, bombed-out buildings of Syria, along with the image of a boy soldier from Sierra Leone, and any one of the countless images of young, homeless veterans on the street corners of our American cities, and along with those images, the words, “The peacemakers will be called the children of God. #blessed.” Maybe Jesus would even share those disturbing YouTube videos demonstrating the way Christians around the world are executed for their faith, the way they are imprisoned, tortured, and killed. Perhaps he’d share a quote from Hyeon Soo Lim, a South Korean-born, Canadian, Presbyterian pastor who has be imprisoned in a labor camp after being arrested for aiding in a humanitarian effort in North Korea.[5] “Those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, theirs is the kingdom of heaven. #blessed.”
Maybe Jesus could have shared a screenshot of his own Facebook wall, of all the posts of those spewing hatred and evil at him. Maybe he could have shown a snippet from an email he received from someone attempting to blackmail him, to spread awful lies and hate-filled rumors about him. Maybe he could have shared those sorts of things with the comment, “People will revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you on my account…they did the same thing to the prophets and they were #blessed.”
I know Jesus didn’t tweet these beatitudes, and I know Christ didn’t post them on a digital wall, share them on an app on his smartphone, or forward them through a massive group text, but the response to his words then would have been the same to such words now, for if Jesus did share such posts marked with the hashtag “blessed,” the comments refuting such ideas would be endless. After all, who in their right minds thinks being poor (in spirit or otherwise) is some sort of blessing from God? What fool would ever think mourning is something with which you have been blessed? Why on earth would we think someone who is meek would be blessed by God when bullies hold the highest offices in the land and things get done when the mighty take the wheel? Who would ever think an empty, growling stomach is a sign of God’s favor, or to be displaced from your home by war to have the door shut in your face means God is with you? Why on earth would the merciful be blessed? They’re naive, gullible, and will always give in to the most obvious sob story. That’s not blessed—that ignorant! Peacemakers are too soft, too gentle, and this world is too scary of a place for peace. God obviously blesses might and power—just look at the Old Testament! That’s what they would have said then, and it’s what people of faith even say today, but it’s wrong.
The Beatitudes—the first public words of Jesus’ ministry in Matthew’s gospel—show us the nature of God’s kingdom. They show us the upside-downness of the kingdom to which Christ calls us. It is a kingdom formed—not in the shape of a crown, nor a throne, nor conquering warrior—it is a kingdom formed in the shape of a cross. It is a kingdom not built on power, might, and strength, but a kingdom built on humility, compassion, and love! It is a kingdom that calls those who claim it to be people who bless the poor by helping them to rise out of their poverty by walking alongside them, not condemning them and pointing fingers and accusing looks at them. It is a kingdom that calls its citizens to bless those who mourn, not with empty platitudes about the “sweet by and by,” but by holding them up, giving them a shoulder to cry on, even if takes the rest of our lives. It is a kingdom that calls us to bless the meek, to raise our voices with those whose voices cannot be heard because they have been drowned out by the lust for power in others. It is a kingdom that calls us to bless those who are hungry and thirsty, to give food and water without asking for papers or keeping track of how many times we’ve given it to them. It is a kingdom that calls us to bless the merciful, for the rest of the world doesn’t have time for mercy, to bless the pure in heart for theirs are the hearts that are so easily broken, to bless the peacemakers for the world loves those who “keep the peace” by making everyone happy, but the world will crucify those who seek to make peace in places where we contribute to the violence. It is a kingdom that calls us to bless the persecuted—the truly persecuted, for they endure the horror of a world’s ignorance and sin, for they endure the suffering of saints throughout the centuries, for they endure that pain of imprisonment and torture and their heartbreak is piled on all the more when others count themselves “persecuted” simply because they can freely practice their faith in the same zip code as those of a different faith.
The “upside-down” kingdom of heaven outlined in the beatitudes is one that calls us to be more than those who claim Christ with their hashtags but deny him with their actions, for it is a kingdom whose king will say, “Come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me…Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these who are members of my family, you did it to me.” That, my friends, is what it means to be #blessed. Amen.
           

Tuesday, January 24, 2017

"Splitting Hairs and Drawing Lines" (Third Sunday after Epiphany)

1 Corinthians 1:10-18
10 Now I appeal to you, brothers and sisters, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you be in agreement and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same purpose. 11 For it has been reported to me by Chloe's people that there are quarrels among you, my brothers and sisters. 12 What I mean is that each of you says, "I belong to Paul," or "I belong to Apollos," or "I belong to Cephas," or "I belong to Christ." 13 Has Christ been divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul? 14 I thank God that I baptized none of you except Crispus and Gaius, 15 so that no one can say that you were baptized in my name. 16 (I did baptize also the household of Stephanas; beyond that, I do not know whether I baptized anyone else.) 17 For Christ did not send me to baptize but to proclaim the gospel, and not with eloquent wisdom, so that the cross of Christ might not be emptied of its power. 18 For the message about the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.

            So here we are again, with the Corinthians and all of their conflicts. To be fair, Paul doesn’t really write any letters in the New Testament that simply say things like: “To the church at such and such a place: You’re fabulous! Keep up the good work!” Each of Paul’s epistles is written in response to some issue, some problem, some conflict within the congregation of the faithful. But with this letter to the Corinthians, it seems as if Paul’s whole purpose for writing was to address divisions within the body. The congregation at Corinth looked less like a single work of masterful art and more like a windshield that’s been cracked and shattered by a wild rock on the highway, and it isn’t just one or two points of conflict at Corinth. No, there seem to be several simultaneous sources of division among the sisters and brothers at Corinth. Ben Witherington III outlines them pretty well in his commentary on Paul’s epistles to the Corinthians.[1]
            We’ve actually read about one of the sources of conflict in the verses before us this morning: “..each of you says, ‘I belong to Paul,’ or ‘I belong to Apollos,’ or ‘I belong to Cephas,’ or ‘I belong to Christ.’” It’s a matter of “brand names.” Some of the folks in Corinth rallied around Paul—I can understand that. Maybe they were some of the original, charter members of the congregation at Corinth. They were there from the beginning, folks who helped Paul get the church going, the ones who gave the first hundred dollars, taught the first Sunday school classes. Why I bet they even had their names engraved on a dedication plaque on the wall of the building. They were the kind of folks who always stopped and lingered a little longer in front of “Brother Paul’s” picture hanging in the foyer. They loved their old pastor, and they stilled missed him, so they all sort of branded themselves with his name.
            Then there were the newcomers, those who had joined the congregation since the new guy had arrived, those who “belonged to Apollos.” Apollos was slick, an altogether eloquent preacher from Alexandria. As with every new minister, there were changes I’m sure, and some folks were on board and some folks weren’t. Why, I bet Apollos had heard his fair share of folks saying things like, “Now, Brother Apollos, I appreciate what you’re doing, but Brother Paul always did it this way.” Of course, those who claimed to belong to Apollos would have been the ones to be sure that Apollos had his picture hanging in the foyer and had his name placed on the door to the minister’s study.
            Then again, in such situations, there are those who try to sort of “rise above” such conflicts. They don’t choose sides, but instead, choose to move a step up. These are the folks who say things like, “Well, you might like Brother Paul and you might like Brother Apollos, but I’ve always thought it best to follow one who’s really been there, so I belong to Brother Peter (or Cephas).” It’d be like someone saying they belong to Billy Graham instead of their pastor—he’s a sort of universally recognized figure of religious authority. Those who claimed to belong to Peter were likely just trying to “one-up” those caught in the squabbles of picking a favorite pastor.
            There are, of course, those who try to one-up the one-uppers, those who take sides in such a way that it prevents others from arguing with them, a sort of false high ground. These were the ones at Corinth who would say “I belong to Christ.” How do you argue with that?! It’d be like a bunch of folks arguing over who the best preacher was and someone saying, “Well, I think Jesus is the best preacher there ever was.” It’s a sort of cop-out, but one you can’t get called on—at least not in church, right?
That was one source of conflict: the growing rivalries around favorite leaders. Then there were those divisions caused by social constructs of the day, specifically those that favored the wealthy. Corinth was a diverse city, a city that had once been destroyed by the Romans and then rebuilt as a relocation destination for the surplus population of Rome; it quickly became a busy trade center in the Roman Empire.[2] Naturally, in such a place, class divisions would arise and such divisions carried over into the life of the church. Such class divisions, however, went beyond just the type of car one might drive to church on a Sunday morning. Paul speaks in chapter eleven of this epistle of the ways such divisions were carried over into the observance of the Lord’s Supper, with the wealthy arriving early, taking the best seats, and eating and drinking the best stuff, while the poorer, working folks arrived later in the day to sit where they could find a place and eat the scraps.
These sorts of cultural and class division also led to lawsuits among Christians (see 6:1-8) and likely contributed to the conflicts surrounding sexual misconduct and the presence of one man who was even living and sleeping with his step-mother.
Despite all of these divisions, it’s interesting that not a single one of them is really about theology. In fact, the conflicts that might be considered theological are exposed as anything but when examined closely. For example, one may think that the divisions surrounding spiritual gifts hinted at by Paul in last week’s text and addressed more fully in chapter twelve of this letter are certainly theological in nature, but the truth is such arguments were about who had the best spiritual gift, whose gifting by the Holy Spirit was more important, more useful, more “spiritual” than the rest. Members of the church were ranking spiritual gifts, trying to find a way to place themselves above others in the congregation. That’s not about theology.
In chapter eight, Paul speaks about food offered to idols—a seemingly theological issue, but the reality is that many of the folks at Corinth who had any measurable wealth had received it through business relationships in the community, relationships often sustained around cultic practices in the pagan temples,[3] so the eating of food offered to idols was more about whether one was willing to partake in pagan practices in order to further one’s wealth—not specifically about the theology surrounding pagan rituals in relation to Christian understandings of idols.
Even in chapter fifteen, where Paul has to address the existence of some who “say there is no resurrection of the dead (verse 12b),” it is most likely a matter of personal security than theology. After all, if one operates under the notion that the hereafter doesn’t exist or that we all simply float off into the fabric of space, what use is it to live one’s life with others in mind? If there’s no resurrection, then this world, this body, this community is just worthless dirt in the way of death. Paul spends a few words unraveling the reality of the resurrection as he speaks of Christ’s resurrection, but he gets to the practical point of it all in verse 30 of chapter fifteen when he says, “why are we putting ourselves in danger every hour?” Paul places before those arguing against the resurrection of the dead that his very actions on behalf of Christ are partly motivated by his belief in such a resurrection. It’s about motivation, not necessarily theology.
Of course, conflicts and divisions within the church are rarely (if ever) about theology. Why, I have heard of more churches dividing over things like the color of the carpet, the location of the church sign, the inclusion of a guitar in worship, and whether or not the pastor wore a tie than I have ever heard of any church getting into it over orthodox Trinitarian views of God! I have heard of and experienced more conflict and division around things like the format of the bulletin (“Can you believe we changed to cream-colored cardstock? What was wrong with the ones with picture of flowers and bible verses on them?”), the time of the morning worship service (“What was wrong with 11:00? Why do we have to move it to 10:00?”), and the number of times the Lord’s Supper is observed (“Isn’t once a quarter enough? What are we, Catholics now?!”).  I can even remember once, in a church where I served, we had placed the offering at the end of the service, after the sermon and invitation, in order to highlight giving as an act of responsive worship during a season of stewardship emphasis. After the first of such services, I clearly remember a church member chewing me out, telling me that she didn’t like the offering at the end of the service and she wasn’t coming back until we fixed it! Church conflict and division is rarely (if ever) about theology.
It wasn’t about theology at Corinth. If it was, Paul would have written more in the language of his epistle to the Romans. He would have taken the opportunity in the verses before us to lay out his understanding of baptism as he does in Romans 6, but instead he chooses to highlight the ridiculousness of bragging about who baptized whom. He could have taken the time in chapter eleven to lay out a clear understanding of the Eucharist (the Lord’s Supper) in order to highlight its importance and its centrality to Christian worship, but instead he reprimands those who take advantage of their status in life and abuse their privilege of being first to the Lord’s Table. He could have outlined the history of the Judeo-Christian doctrine of the resurrection in chapter fifteen, calling those who had rejected such a doctrine as fools and unfit to call themselves Christians, but instead he calls attention to his work and the work of those who have placed their lives on the line for the cause of God’s kingdom because of their trust in the resurrection of Christ and the general resurrection of the dead. Paul doesn’t present an outlined, systematic theology complete with scriptural citations, charts, and annotated footnotes, because Paul knows what all of us in ministry and those who’ve been around congregations long enough know too well: conflict and division is rarely (if ever) about theology. Then (you may ask) what is it about?
Division—whether in a congregation, family, club, or country—always finds its root in that familiar foe. Conflict can always trace its origins back to that same fractured foundation that has set the whole world of balance. Division and conflict are grounded in that same, original sin that haunts every dark crevice of human experience—selfishness. As long as there is thought or concern for self above others, division and conflict cannot help but spring up! So long as I care more about myself than I do about you, there will always be an atmosphere ripe for division. As long as I think I am better than you, holier than you, more righteous than you, cleaner than you, more deserving than you, there will always be ground for conflict. As long as I think I am in any way above anyone, there is a crack wide enough to separate me from everyone—even God. Because, you see, conflict—church conflict—isn’t about theology. No, it’s about me, about me and my sinful belief that I am better than anyone.
I think that’s why Paul, more than anywhere else in all the letters written by him or in his name, speaks about the cross to these conflicted Corinthians. He writes, “For Christ did not send me to baptize [as if to say, “you can all work that out on your own”] but to proclaim the gospel, and not with eloquent wisdom, so that the cross of Christ might not be emptied of its power. For the message about the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.”
“It is the power of God…” The cross?! Power? You want to talk about power? What about the way he held the elders in the palm of his hand, teaching in the temple when he was only twelve? You want power? What about when thousands of people were hungry, and he fed every last one of them with more left over from a few fish and handful of bread? Talk about power…you want to talk about power? What about that day, standing by that tomb in Bethany when he called out to the three-day-dead Lazarus to come up out of the tomb?! Raising a man from the dead—now that’s power! “The power of God”—if there’s power to be witnessed, surely it is in that shell of a tomb, left empty by the raised Son of God on that first Easter morning! But the cross!? Death? Pain? Suffering? That’s the power of God?!
YES!! Because there, on that cross, the God of creation proved once and for all that the way of God is one of self-emptying love! Because there, on that cross, God showed the universe that strength, might, fierceness, supremacy, and whatever we may have thought power to be is NOT the way. There in the cross—in Christ on the cross—we see the power of God as we see the strength it takes to lay down the life of the One who spoke the very cosmos into creation. In the cross, we see the power of God as we see the unfailing, eternal, selfless love of the God who in his anguish and pain cried out, “Father forgive them…” And it’s there in that cross that we see the power of God to overcome whatever lines we have drawn, to mend whatever hairs we’ve split, to heal the wounds of discontent, to bring together those from every walk of life and from every corner of creation. There, in the cross, is the power of God to overcome division and cure conflict. There, in the cross, is the power of God to overcome the source of all of our failures, our heartaches, our disappointments, our hatred, our bigotry, our indifference, our selfishness. There, in the cross, is the power of God to overcome…me. Amen.
  

[1] Ben Witherington III, Conflict and community in Corinth: a socio-rhetorical commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1995): 74.
[2] Michael David. Coogan et al., The new Oxford annotated Bible: with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001): 267 (New Testament)
[3] Witherington, 186 (see footnote 2).